Table 1.
AUBP phosphorylation, potential Pin1 binding sites and target mRNAs.
| AUBP | Phosphorylation site * | Kinase | Interaction w/Pin1 | mRNA stability affected by AUBP | mRNA stability/expression affected by Pin1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUF1 | Ser83, Ser87, Thr91 | CK1, GSK3β, PKA [27,28,29] | Yes [30,31] | c-myc, c-fos, Cyclin D1, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-10, p21, PTH, TNF-α [32,33,34,35] | Cyclin D1, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, PTH, TNF-α [30,36,37,38,39,40,41] |
| BRF1 | Ser54, Ser92, Ser203 | AKT, ERK2 [42,43,44] | N/D ** | GM-CSF, IL-3, TNF-α [8] | GM-CSF, TNF-α [30,38,40] |
| DAZAP1 | Thr269, Thr315 | ERK2 [45,46] | N/D | Regulates RNA splicing and translation [45,46,47] | |
| hnRNP C | N/D | N/D | No [30,31,36] | APP, GM-CSF, TGF-β, Urokinase receptor [30,36,48,49,50] | GM-CSF, TGF-β [30,36,38] |
| HuR | Ser88, Ser100, Thr118, Ser158, Tyr200, Ser202, Ser221, Ser242, Ser318 | AMPK, MAPKs, CDK1, CHK2, JAK3, PKCs [51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63] | Yes [30,31,36] | AFT-2, C/EBP-β, Cyclin A/B1/D1, Cox-2, cPLA2α, CXCL8, CXCL1/5, c-fos, Dll1, DNMT3B, GATA3, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-3, IL-8, MyoD, Myogenin, Musashi1, NPM, p21, PEPCK, RGS4, SIRT1, SMN, Survivin, TNF-α, VEGF, VHL, XIAP [8,50,56,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78] | Cyclin D1, Cox-2, GM-CSF, iNOS, IL-8, TNF-α, VEGF [30,38,40,79,80] |
| KSRP | Ser193, Thr692 | AKT, p38 MAPK [81,82] | Yes [37] | β-catenin, c-fos, c-jun, GAP43, IL-2, iNOS, MyoD, Myogenin, p21, TNF-α [8,64,81,82,83] | IL-2, iNOS, β-catenin, TNF-α [40,84,85,86,87] |
| La (SSB) | Thr301, Ser366, Thr389 | AKT, CK2 [88,89,90,91] | N/D | Regulates RNA translation [88,90,91] | |
| NF90 | Ser482, Ser647 | AKT, PKC-β [92,93,94] | N/D | Cyclin E1, IL-2, MKP-1 [95,96,97] | IL-2 [84] |
| Nucleolin | Thr641, Thr707 | CDK1,CDC2,CK2,GSK3β,PI3K [98,99,100,101,102] | No [30] | Bcl-xL, β-globin, CD154, GM-CSF, Gadd45a, Gastrin, HIF1α, IL-2, p53 [18,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110] | IL-2, GM-CSF [30,38,84] |
| SLBP | Ser60, Thr62, Thr171 | N/D [111,112,113] | Yes [26,31] | Histone [26] | Histone [26] |
| TIA-1/R | N/D | FASTK [114,115,116] | No [30,31,36] | Regulates RNA translation [13] | |
| TTP | Ser52, Ser66, Ser88, Thr92, Ser93, Ser169, Ser178, Ser186, Ser197, Ser218, Ser220, Ser228, Ser245, Thr250, Ser276, Ser296 | AKT, GSK3β, MK2, MAPKs, PKA, PKC [117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125] | N/D | Bdp1, Claudin-1, Cyclin D1, c-fos, Cox-2, GM-CSF, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-23, ler3, IFN-γ, iNOS, LIF, Mllt11, c-myc, Pim3, PLK3, PHLDA1, PAI-2, Pitx2, Rusc2, TNF-α, VEGF [32,126,127] | Cox-2, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-8, IFN-γ, iNOS, TNF-α, VEGF [30,38,40,79,84,85] |
| YB1 | Ser316 | AKT, ERK2, GSK3β,JNK [103,128,129,130] | No [30] | IL-2 [32,103,128] | IL-2 [84] |
* Phosphorylation residues highlighted in bold are the potential Pin1 binding sites (Pro-Ser/Thr). **N/D: not determined.