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Domain organisation of Escherichia coli σ54. The DNA binding function is mainly associated with σ54 Region III, including the DNA crosslinking motif (Xlink), a putative helix-turn-helix motif (HTH) for −12 recognition via E378 and the RpoN box for −24 binding. Structures of two σ54 Region III fragments have been obtained (PDB entries: 2K9L and 2O8K).
