TABLE 1.
Characteristics of trials evaluating added sugar consumption and TGs1
| Reference | Type of study | Participants | Higher-sugar intervention |
| Aeberli et al. (40) | Randomized crossover trial | 29 healthy normal-weight men aged 20–50 y, living in and around Zurich, Switzerland | High sugars (fructose, glucose, or sucrose), providing 80 g/d; provided daily in 3 200-mL beverages |
| Antar et al. (41) | Randomized crossover trial with controlled feeding | 15 hyperlipoproteinemic patients | High-sucrose diet; 40% of energy from sucrose. 96% of food was given as a formula, and 4% of food was given as supplements of raw fruit and vegetables |
| Bantle et al. (42) | Randomized crossover trial with controlled feeding | 12 men and women with type 2 diabetes | High-fructose, high-carbohydrate diet; 20% of energy from sucrose |
| Black et al. (43) | Randomized crossover trial with controlled feeding | 13 healthy men | 25% of total energy (205 g/d) of diet given as sucrose |
| Cooper et al. (44) | Randomized crossover trial | 17 adults with type 2 diabetes and without comorbidities | Usual diet with 28-g sucrose supplement/d |
| Groen et al. (45) | Crossover trial | 15 men and women | Very-high-sucrose diet providing 231 g (46% of energy) monosaccharides and disaccharides/d |
| Lowndes et al. (46) | Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial | 247 healthy overweight and obese adults (162 completers) | Hypoenergetic diet (2500 kcal) providing 20% of energy from HFCS or sucrose |
| Stanhope et al. (51) | Randomized controlled trial | 34 men and women | 25% of total energy from HFCS-, sucrose-, fructose-, or glucose-sweetened beverages |
| Teff et al. (52) | Randomized controlled trial | 17 obese men and women | 30% of energy from glucose- or sucrose-sweetened beverages |
| Stanhope et al. (53) | Randomized controlled trial | 48 adult men and women | 25% of energy from glucose-, fructose-, or HFCS-sweetened beverages |
| Maersk et al. (47) | Randomized controlled trial | 35 healthy adults | Usual diet supplemented with 1-L sugar-sweetened soft drink/d, providing 424-kcal sucrose |
| Marckmann et al. (48) | Randomized crossover trial | 20 postobese adult women; controls matched by age, height, and weight | Ad libitum, high-sucrose diet; 23% of energy (129 g/d) as sucrose |
| Raben et al. (49) | Randomized controlled trial | 41 healthy overweight adults (BMI: 25–30 kg/m2) aged 20–50 y | Ad libitum diet supplemented with sucrose-containing foods and beverages providing 27% (177 g/d) of energy as sucrose |
| Sørensen et al. (50) | |||
| Lowndes et al. (54) | Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial | 355 healthy overweight or obese adults | Eucaloric diet with 8%, 18%, or 30% of kcal from added sugars |
1
Adapted with permission from Te Morenga et al. (55). HFCS, high-fructose corn sugar.