Table 2. Antimicrobial activities of the peptides against standard bacterial strains.

	MICsa	Papiliocin	Papiliocin-2A	Papiliocin-5A	Papiliocin-2A5A	PapN	PapN-2A	PapN-5A	PapN-2A5A	PapN-2F5W	PapC	Melittin
Gram│negative	Escherichia coli	0.250	0.250	0.250	0.500	1.00	2.00	1.00	2.00	1.00	128	4.00
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	0.500	0.500	0.500	0.500	2.00	4.00	2.00	8.00	2.00	>128	4.00
	Salmonella typhimurium	0.500	0.500	0.500	1.00	2.00	4.00	2.00	4.00	2.00	>128	4.00
	GMb	0.417	0.417	0.417	0.667	1.67	3.33	1.67	4.67	1.67	213	4.00
	MHCc	200	200	200	200	200	200	200	200	200	1.56	0.391
	Therapeutic Indexd (MHC/GM)	480	480	480	480	120	60.0	120	42.9	120	0.007	0.098
Gram│Positive	MICsa	Papiliocin	Papiliocin-2A	Papiliocin-5A	Papiliocin-2A5A	PapN	PapN-2A	PapN-5A	PapN-2A5A	PapN-2F5W	PapC	Melittin
	Bacillus subtilis	16.0	64.0	64.0	128	8.00	32.0	16.0	>128	8.00	>128	4.00
	Eenterococcus faecalis	64.0	128	128	>128	64.0	128	128	>128	64.0	>128	2.00
	Staphylococcus aureus	32.0	128	128	>128	8.00	32.0	16.0	128	16.0	>128	4.00
	GMb	37.3	107	107	213	26.7	64.0	53.3	213	29.3	256	3.33
	MHCc	200	200	200	200	200	200	200	200	200	1.56	0.390
	Therapeutic Indexd (MHC/GM)	5.36	1.87	1.87	0.939	7.50	3.13	3.75	0.939	6.82	0.006	0.117

^aMinimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined in three independent experiments performed in triplicate with a standard deviation of 14.0%.

^bThe geometric means (GM) of the MIC values from all six bacterial strains are shown. When no antimicrobial activity was observed at 128 μM, a value of 256 μM was used to calculate the therapeutic index.

^cThe minimal peptide concentration that produces hemolysis. When no detectable hemolysis was observed at 100 μM, a value of 200 μM was used to calculate the therapeutic index.

^dThe ratio of the minimum hemolytic concentration (MHC; μM) over the GM of the MIC (μM). Larger values indicate greater cell selectivity.