Table 3.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval, resulting prior odds ratio, and bayesian complete case analysis posterior odds ratio with 95% credible interval, National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), 1997-2009
| Birth defect by SSRI | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Prior odds ratio (95% CI)* | Odds ratio (95%CI): Alwan et al8 | Posterior odds ratio (95% CrI): NBDPS 1997-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Louik et al11 | Bakker et al9, Kornum et al10, Reis and Kallen13 | Malm et al12 | ||||
| Citalopram: | ||||||
| Neural tube defects | — | — | 2.5 (1.2 to 5.1) (n=8) | 2.5 (1.2 to 5.1) | — | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.0) (n=5) |
| Ventricular septal defects | — | — | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) (n=36) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | — | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) (n=6) |
| Cleft lip with or without cleft palate | 3.2 (0.9 to 11.9) (n=4) | — | — | 3.2 (0.9 to 11.9) | — | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.7) (n=8) |
| Hypospadias | 1.9 (0.4 to 8.8) (n=4) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8)13 (n=38) | — | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.5 | — | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) (n=8) |
| Escitalopram: | ||||||
| Septal defects | 4.2 (1.0 to 17.1)10 (n=3) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.0) (n=8)† | 1.7 (0.7 to 3.7) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.1) (n=11) | ||
| Fluoxetine: | ||||||
| Ventricular septal defects | — | — | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2) (n=26) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2) | — | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) (n=16) |
| RVOTO | 1.0 (0.2 to 3.4) (n=4) | — | 2.7 (0.9 to 8.5) (n=3) | 1.5 (0.6 to 3.6) | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.7) (n=4) | 2.0 (1.4 to 3.1) (n=27) |
| Esophageal atresia | — | — | — | Non-informative prior | 2.4 (0.9 to 6.4) (n=5) | 1.8 (0.8 to 3.4) (n=10) |
| Craniosynostosis | — | — | — | Non-informative prior | 2.8 (1.3 to 6.1) (n=10) | 1.9 (1.1 to 3.0) (n=21) |
| Paroxetine: | ||||||
| Anencephaly | Neural tube defect: 3.3 (1.1 to 10.4) (n=4) | — | — | 3.3 (1.1 to 10.4) | 5.1 (1.7 to 15.3) (n=5) | 3.2 (1.6 to 6.2) (n=6) |
| Atrial septal defects | 5.7 (1.4 to 23.7)9 (n=3) | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.0) (n=3) | 1.8 (0.7 to 4.5) | — | 1.8 (1.1 to 3.0) (n=15) | |
| RVOTO | 3.3 (1.3 to 8.8) (n=6) | — | 5.2 (1.6 to 16.3) (n=3) | 3.9 (1.4 to 10.4) | 2.5 (1.0 to 6.0) (n=7) | 2.4 (1.4 to 3.9) (n=16) |
| Cleft palate | 1.5 (0.4 to 5.3) (n=3) | — | 2.7 (1.0 to 7.1) (n=4) | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.0) | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.8) (n=5) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3) (n=10) |
| Hypospadias | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.3) (n=3) | 2.5 (1.1 to 4.6)13 (n=9) | — | 1.6 (0.6 to 3.4) | 0.6 (0.2 to 2.4) (n=3) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) (n=9) |
| Gastroschisis | — | — | — | Non-informative prior | 2.9 (1.0 to 8.4) (n=5) | 2.5 (1.2 to 4.8) (n=13) |
| Omphalocele | — | — | — | Non-informative prior | 8.1 (3.1 to 20.8) (n=6) | 3.5 (1.3 to 8.0) (n=6) |
| Sertraline: | ||||||
| Anencephaly | 0.8 (0.1 to 6.3) (n=1) | — | — | 0.8 (0.1 to 6.3) | 3.2 (1.1 to 9.3) (n=4) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.5) (n=7) |
| Septal defects | 2.0 (1.2 to 4.0) (n=13) | 3.3 (1.5 to 7.5)10 (n=6) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.3) (n=5)† | 1.5 (0.6 to 2.9) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) (n=10) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.4) (n=47) |
| Anal atresia | 4.4 (1.2 to 16.4) (n=3) | — | — | 4.4 (1.2 to 16.4) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.8) (n=4) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.3) (n=11) |
| Any limb reduction | 3.9 (1.1 to 13.5) (n=3) | — | — | 3.9 (1.1 to 13.5) | Transverse: 1.2 (0.4 to 4.0) (n=3) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) (n=13) |
| Omphalocele | 5.7 (1.6 to 20.7) (n=3) | — | — | 5.7 (1.6 to 20.7) | 1.5 (0.4 to 6.6) (n=3) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.8) (n=4) |
SSRI=selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; RVOTO=right ventricular outflow tract obstruction cardiac defects.
Adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education, obesity, and smoking.
*Priors are only based on studies described in first three column and exclude Alwan et al.8 No informative prior was calculated if the only available data were from Alwan et al, but this association was reported in that earlier analysis using a subset of NBDPS data.
†Ventricular septal defect.