Table 5. Physiological assessments of biological effect.

		LS meansa			Cohort comparison p values
Assessment	Age (Years)	SMK	MSC	NTC	SMK versus MSC	SMK versus NTC	MSC versus NTC
Day 1
FMD (%)	All ages	8.59	6.57	8.64	0.4134	1.0000	0.3895
ABI	All ages	1.12	1.14	1.15	0.3252	0.0056	0.5830
ECO (ppm)	All ages	34.32	1.63	1.67	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.0000
Day 2
FMD (%)	All ages	10.19	9.97	8.26	1.0000	0.5935	0.8773
ABI	All ages	1.16	1.15	1.17	1.0000	1.0000	0.5853
ECO (ppm)	All ages	12.87	2.12	1.75	<0.0001	<0.0001	1.0000
CIMT (mm)b	26–31	0.56	0.58	0.56	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
	32–37	0.61	0.63	0.61	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000
	38–43	0.65	0.66	0.63	1.0000	1.0000	0.6399
	44–49	0.73	0.63	0.69	0.0174	0.3822	0.3501
	All ages	0.64	0.63	0.62	1.0000	0.6381	1.0000

^aLeast square means. ^bAge main effect (p < 0.05).