Table 1.
Demographics and imaging parameters of the 3D-self-navigated acquisition: grouping according image quality categories
| Total cohort | Quality grade 1 | Quality grade 2 | Quality grade 3 | Quality grade 4 | Quality grade 5 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 111 | N = 1 | N = 10 | N = 22 | N = 41 | N = 37 | |||
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | years | 23.4 ± 12.2 | 8.6 | 22.7 ± 14.2 | 23.6 ± 15.7 | 25.6 ± 12.7 | 21.4 ± 0.1 | 0.43 |
| Age <16 y | N (%) | 30 (27.0 %) | 1 (100 %) | 4 (40 %) | 9 (40.9 %) | 9 (22.0 %) | 7 (18.9 %) | 0.10 |
| Male gender | N (%) | 61 (55.0 %) | 0 (0 %) | 4 (40 %) | 13 (59.1 %) | 22 (53.7 %) | 22 (59.5 %) | 0.66 |
| HR | bpm | 75.4 ± 14.3 | 88 | 87.9 ± 16.3 | 76.3 ± 15.8 | 73.2 ± 12.0 | 73.5 ± 13.9 | <0.05 |
| SDRRa | ms | 90 ± 87 | 48 | 91 ± 109 | 99 ± 87 | 108 ± 93 | 66 ± 72 | 0.31 |
| Height | cm | 160.6 ± 23.6 | 147 | 148.8 ± 33.2 | 152.3 ± 31.8 | 166.2 ± 14.4 | 163.0 ± 21.9 | 0.08 |
| Weight | kg | 58.0 ± 21.1 | 43 | 47.5 ± 24.6 | 53.6 ± 27.5 | 62.3 ± 16.8 | 59.1 ± 19.6 | 0.22 |
| Body Mass Index | kg/m2 | 21.5 ± 4.9 | 19.9 | 19.44 ± 6.3 | 21.1 ± 6.0 | 22.2 ± 4.5 | 21.5 ± 4.1 | 0.59 |
| EDVib of the systemic ventricle | ml/m2 | 82.4 ± 25.0 | 63 | 98.7 ± 45.9 | 76.1 ± 14.6 | 80.0 ± 18.9 | 84.8 ± 27.0 | 0.14 |
| EF of the systemic ventricle | % | 58.2 ± 8.5 | 60 | 49.3 ± 12.2 | 58.6 ± 10.0 | 59.5 ± 6.7 | 58.9 ± 7.0 | <0.05 |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||||
| Complex malformation | N (%) | 49 (44.1 %) | 0 (0 %) | 8 (80.0 %) | 11 (50.0 %) | 13 (31.7 %) | 17 (46.0 %) | <0.05 |
| - Tetralogy of Fallot | 20 (18.0 %) | 0 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 6 | ||
| - d-TGAc | 13 (11.7 %) | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | ||
| - Fontan circulation | 3 (2.7 %) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||
| -Other complex | 13 (11.7 %) | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | ||
| Non-complex malformation | N (%) | 62 (55.9 %) | 1 (100 %) | 2 (20 %) | 11 (50 %) | 28 (68.3 %) | 20 (54.0 %) | <0.05 |
| - Aortic dilatation | 22 (19.8 %) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 8 | ||
| - Coarctation aorta | 7 (6.3 %) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | ||
| - After Ross operation | 8 (7.2 %) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | ||
| - Septal defect | 5 (4.5 %) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
| - Abnormal venous return | 8 (7.2 %) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||
| - Other non-complex | 12 (10.8 %) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Corrected malformation | N (%) | 76 (68.5 %) | 0 (0 %) | 5 (50.0 %) | 14 (63.6 %) | 28 (68.3 %) | 29 (78.4 %) | 0.21 |
| Characteristics of the 3D sequence | ||||||||
| Field of view | mm | 205 ± 14 | 199 | 206 ± 13 | 204 ± 21 | 205 ± 11 | 206 ± 11 | 0.95 |
| Isotropic resolution | mm | 1.01 ± 0.09 | 0.96 | 1.0 ± 0.09 | 1.02 ± 0.10 | 1.01 ± 0.09 | 1.01 ± 0.09 | 0.9 |
| Acquisition window | ms | 68.2 ± 21.2 | 45 | 54 ± 25.4 | 67.8 ± 26.3 | 72.5 ± 17.5 | 68.3 ± 19.4 | 0.11 |
| Systolic acquisition | N (%) | 20 (18.0 %) | 1 (100) | 2 (20.0) | 2 (9.1) | 4 (9.8) | 11 (29.7) | <0.05 |
| Number of heart beats | N | 705.3 ± 299.0 | 898 | 975 ± 495 | 715 ± 372 | 637 ± 201 | 698 ± 245 | <0.05 |
| Number of segments | N | 22.7 ± 7.1 | 15 | 18.0 ± 8.5 | 22.6 ± 8.8 | 24.2 ± 5.8 | 22.8 ± 6.5 | 0.11 |
| Number of scan lines | N × 1000 | 14.2 ± 2.1 | 13.4 | 14.3 ± 1.9 | 13.5 ± 2.7 | 14.4 ± 1.9 | 14.5 ± 1.9 | 0.48 |
| Scan duration | min | 9.5 ± 3.1 | 10.2 | 11.2 ± 3.7 | 9.3 ± 3.1 | 9.0 ± 2.4 | 9.6 ± 3.5 | 0.38 |
| Use of contrast | N (%) | 97 (87.4 %) | 0 (0 %) | 6 (60.0 %) | 21 (95.5 %) | 33 (80.5 %) | 37 (100 %) | <0.001 |
aSDRR = standard deviation of the RR interval during image acquisition
bEDVi = end-diastolic volume index
cd-TGA = d-transposition of the great arteries