Table 3.
Scores for the total population in the social, psychological and physical domains according to the three frailty stages
| All | Non-frail | Pre-frail | Frail | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 8,684 | n = 5,488 | n = 2,441 | n = 755 | |||
| Social domain | ||||||
| Social network type (%) | family dependent | 22.5 | 21.8 | 22.7 | 27.8 | 0.049 |
| locally integrated | 40.1 | 42.5 | 37.0 | 31.5 | ||
| local self-contained | 21.6 | 20.6 | 24.0 | 21.8 | ||
| wider community focused | 8.2 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 3.7 | ||
| private restricted | 7.6 | 6.0 | 8.9 | 15.2 | ||
| Informal care use in past 12 months (%) | yes, and still present | 14.3 | 3.9 | 23.8 | 60.6 | <0.001 |
| no | 84.3 | 95.1 | 74.2 | 37.7 | ||
| Loneliness (De Jong-Gierveld, 0–11)a | 3.0 (±3.3) | 2.3 (±2.8) | 3.8 (±3.5) | 5.3 (±3.7) | <0.001 | |
| Psychological domain | ||||||
| Psychological distress (K-10, 10–50) | 15.9 (±6.4) | 13.6 (±4.0) | 18.4 (±6.6) | 25.3 (±8.2) | <0.001 | |
| Mastery (Pearlin & Schooler, 7–35) | 25.8 (±5.6) | 27.3 (±4.8) | 24.1 (±5.6) | 19.2 (±5.6) | <0.001 | |
| Self-management (SMAS-S, 1–6) | 4.1 (±0.7) | 4.2 (±0.6) | 3.9 (±0.7) | 3.4 (±0.8) | <0.001 | |
| Physical domain | ||||||
| Chronic diseases (%) | diabetes | 16.8 | 12.5 | 22.0 | 31.8 | <0.001 |
| stroke/cerebral haemorrhage or infarction (past 12 months) | 1.7 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 4.9 | <0.001 | |
| myocardial infarction (ever) | 12.6 | 9.8 | 15.2 | 25.0 | <0.001 | |
| other heart conditions (CHF or AP) (past 12 months) | 8.0 | 4.6 | 12.4 | 19.2 | <0.001 | |
| cancer (ever) | 18.8 | 16.8 | 21.3 | 25.9 | <0.001 | |
| asthma or COPD (past 12 months) | 15.5 | 11.1 | 21.0 | 28.5 | <0.001 | |
| hip or knee arthrosis (past 12 months) | 41.2 | 30.2 | 56.2 | 69.1 | <0.001 | |
| chronic joint inflammation (past 12 months) | 15.2 | 7.3 | 24.8 | 40.0 | <0.001 | |
| back problems (incl. hernia) (past 12 months) | 21.3 | 14.1 | 29.3 | 44.7 | <0.001 | |
| Number of chronic diseases (%) | 0 | 29.0 | 38.3 | 15.6 | 5.0 | <0.001 |
| 1 | 32.1 | 36.0 | 27.6 | 18.3 | ||
| 2 | 19.8 | 16.9 | 25.4 | 22.8 | ||
| ≥3 | 19.1 | 8.8 | 31.4 | 53.9 | ||
| GARS IADL-disability (7–28) | 11.2 (±5.2) | 9.2 (±3.3) | 13.0 (±5.4) | 19.7 (±5.4) | <0.001 | |
| OECD disability | 1 or more disabilities (%) | 29.4 | 12.0 | 49.0 | 93.9 | <0.001 |
aPreferable score is underlined