Table 4.
Scores for men in the social, psychological and physical domains according to the three frailty stages
| All | Non-frail | Pre-frail | Frail | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 4,619 | n = 3,366 | n = 999 | n = 254 | |||
| Social domain | ||||||
| Social network type (%) | family dependent | 22.0 | 21.1 | 23.3 | 28.4 | 0.211 |
| locally integrated | 41.1 | 43.5 | 36.0 | 28.9 | ||
| local self-contained | 21.1 | 19.9 | 24.4 | 23.7 | ||
| wider community focused | 8.1 | 8.9 | 6.2 | 3.9 | ||
| private restricted | 7.8 | 6.6 | 10.1 | 15.1 | ||
| Informal care use in past 12 months (%) | yes, and still present | 10.6 | 3.2 | 23.6 | 59.4 | <0.001 |
| no | 88.7 | 96.2 | 75.6 | 40.2 | ||
| Loneliness (De Jong-Gierveld, 0–11)a | 2.8 (±3.1) | 2.3 (±2.8) | 3.9 (±3.5) | 5.1 (±3.7) | <0.001 | |
| Psychological domain | ||||||
| Psychological distress (K-10, 10–50) | 15.0 (±6.0) | 13.2 (±3.8) | 18.5 (±7.0) | 25.3 (±8.4) | <0.001 | |
| Mastery (Pearlin & Schooler, 7–35) | 26.4 (±5.5) | 27.6 (±4.7) | 23.9 (±5.8) | 18.6 (±5.4) | <0.001 | |
| Self-management (SMAS-S, 1–6) | 4.1 (±0.7) | 4.2 (±0.6) | 3.8 (±0.7) | 3.3 (±0.8) | <0.001 | |
| Physical domain | ||||||
| Chronic diseases (%) | diabetes | 17.0 | 13.8 | 24.6 | 30.6 | <0.001 |
| stroke/cerebral haemorrhage or infarction (past 12 months) | 1.8 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 7.5 | <0.001 | |
| myocardial infarction (ever) | 17.1 | 13.7 | 23.9 | 36.4 | <0.001 | |
| other heart conditions (CHF or AP) (past 12 months) | 8.0 | 5.1 | 14.4 | 21.5 | <0.001 | |
| cancer (ever) | 19.0 | 17.1 | 22.9 | 29.0 | <0.001 | |
| asthma or COPD (past 12 months) | 15.2 | 11.0 | 24.5 | 32.4 | <0.001 | |
| hip or knee arthrosis (past 12 months) | 31.7 | 25.8 | 44.8 | 56.2 | <0.001 | |
| chronic joint inflammation (past 12 months) | 10.9 | 7.0 | 18.8 | 32.2 | <0.001 | |
| back problems (incl. hernia) (past 12 months) | 18.8 | 14.3 | 28.4 | 39.8 | <0.001 | |
| Number of chronic diseases (%) | 0 | 31.0 | 38.0 | 14.0 | 5.5 | <0.001 |
| 1 | 33.2 | 35.2 | 29.6 | 21.7 | ||
| 2 | 18.8 | 17.2 | 23.4 | 21.7 | ||
| ≥3 | 17.0 | 9.6 | 33.0 | 51.2 | ||
| GARS IADL-disability (7–28) | 11.4 (±5.2) | 9.9 (±3.7) | 14.3 (±5.8) | 20.8 (±5.6) | <0.001 | |
| OECD disability | 1 or more disabilities (%) | 23.8 | 11.7 | 47.6 | 92.4 | <0.001 |
aPreferable score is underlined