Table 2.
5 week terminal systemic and portal plasma free fatty acid (FFA), cytokine, adipokine and insulin concentrations
| Systemic | Portal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFA (mmol/L) | IL6 (pg/ml) | MCP1 (pg/ml) | TNF (pg/ml) | Leptin (pg/ml) | FFA (mmol/L) | IL6 (pg/ml) | MCP1 (pg/ml) | TNF (pg/ml) | Leptin (pg/ml) | |
| Chow | 0.61 ± 0.0a,b | 20.86 ± 4.8 | 69.94 ± 4.8 | 17.41 ± 5.2 | 758.25 ± 156.5a | 0.60 ± 0.1 | 12.23 ± 1.9 | 46.38 ± 14.0 | 11.57 ± 5.0 | 834.5 ± 131.9a |
| Chow IngX | 0.49 ± 0.1a | 17.56 ± 9.4 | 44.38 ± 9.0 | 25.20 ± 8.2 | 958.3 ± 402.1a | 0.57 ± 0.1 | 13.96 ± 1.8 | 31.35 ± 6.6 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 615.8 ± 89.0a |
| HFD | 0.73 ± 0.1b,c | 40.62 ± 12.6 | 30.46 ± 22.0 | 15.48 ± 2.3 | 2532.5 ± 691.7b | 0.65 ± 0.1 | 27.37 ± 8.9 | 53.48 ± 15.0 | 10.32 ± 1.7 | 2516.5 ± 709.0b |
| HFD IngX | 0.82 ± 0.1c | 28.28 ± 7.8 | 20.86 ± 4.8 | 15.7 ± 2.1 | 4150.25 ± 846.5b | 0.56 ± 0.1 | 18.13 ± 7.2 | 22.82 ± 2.0 | 12.74 ± 3.7 | 4060 ± 884.0b |
Systemic and portal leptin concentration and systemic free fatty acids were significantly increased in HFD-fed mice compared with Chow groups. (Unlike letters indicate significance; P ≤ 0.05)