Table 2.

Summary of Balance Measures Across Studies

Reference	Dance style	Intervention Parameters	Balance Outcomes Measures	Results
Articles in People with PD
2007 Hackney, et al.	Tango	3 months, 2x per week, 60 min sessions	Berg Balance Scale	Improved in the dance group, but not controls in strength/flexibility exercise classes
2009 Hackney & Earhart	Tango	13 weeks, 2x per week, 60 min sessions	Berg Balance Scale	Similar improvement in both dance groups compared to no intervention controls
	Waltz/Foxtrot
2010 Hackney & Earhart	Tango (partnered and unpartnered)	10 weeks, 2x per week, 60 min sessions	Berg Balance Scale	Similar improvement in both partnered and unpartnered dance
2012 Duncan & Earhart	Tango	12 months, 2x per week, 60 min sessions	Mini-BESTest	Greater improvement with dance compared to no intervention controls
2013 Volpe, et al.	Irish set dance	6 months, 1x per week, 90 min sessions	Berg Balance Scale	Trend toward greater improvement in dance compared to physiotherapy controls
2014 Duncan & Earhart	Tango	24 months, 2x per week, 60 min sessions	Mini-BESTest	Greater improvement with dance compared to no intervention controls
2014 McKee & Hackney	Tango	10–12 weeks, 2x per week, 90 min sessions	Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale	Improved in dance group, but not controls in education classes
Articles in Healthy Older Adults
1990 Hopkins, et al.	Aerobic dance	12 weeks, 3x per week, 50 min sessions	One leg stance time - eyes open	Greater improvement in dance than no intervention/wait list controls
2002 Shigematsu, et al.	Aerobic dance	12 weeks, 3x per week, 60 min sessions	One leg stance time - eyes open	No change in dance or no intervention controls
			One leg stance time - eyes closed	Improved in the dance group, but not the no intervention controls
			Forward reach	Improved in the dance group, but not the no intervention controls
2005 Federici, et al.	Carribean dance	3 months, 2x per week 30–60 min sessions	Tinetti test	No change with dance despite decline in no intervention controls
			Romberg test	Greater improvement with dance than no intervention controls
			Improved Romberg test	Greater improvement with dance than no intervention controls
2007 Young, et al.	Line dance (dance only, dance plus squats, dance plus squats and stomps)	12 months, 1x per week, 45 min sessions	One leg stance time - eyes open	Similar improvements in dance or dance plus exercise groups
			Velocity of forward stepping to prevent fall	No change in dance or dance plus exercise groups
			Velocity of Lateral stepping to prevent fall	Similar improvements in dance or dance plus exercise groups
2008 McKinley, et al.	Argentine tango	10 weeks, 2x per week, 90 min sessions	Activities-Specific Balance Confidence	Greater improvement with dance compared to walking group
2009 Eyigor, et al.	Turkish folkloristic	8 weeks, 3x per week, 60 min sessions	Berg Balance Scale	Improved in dance group, but not in no intervention controls
2009 Hui, et al.	Low impact aerobic dance	12 weeks, 2x per week, 50 min sessions	Four test balance scale (one leg, tandem, semitandem, and side by side stance)	No change in dance or no intervention controls
2009 Sofianidis, et al.	Traditional Greek	10 weeks, 2x per week, 40–60 min sessions	Various parameters of postural sway in sharpened (tandem) Romberg	No changes in dance or no intervention controls in any measures
			Various parameters of postural sway and trunk kinematics in one leg stance	Greater improvement in some mediolateral sway measures and trunk roll kinematics with dance than no intervention controls
			Various parameters of trunk kinematics in dynamic weight shifting	Greater increase in the range of sagittal and frontal trunk rotation planes with dance compared to no intervention controls
2011 Ferrufino, et al.	Contemporary dance	4 months, 1x per week, 60 min sessions	Various statistic scores in static postures	No changes in dance or fall prevention control groups
			Various diffusion analysis and recurrence quantification analysis metrics in static postures	Some changes in center of pressure displacements with dance compared to the fall prevention control group
2012 Borges, et al.	Ballroom dance	8 months, 3x per week, 50 min sessions	Changes in the distribution of weight during static stance	Greater improvement with dance than no intervention controls
2012 Granacher, et al.	Salsa dance	8 weeks, 2x per week, 60 min sessions	Various measures of center of pressure displacement during static stances	Trend towards greater reduction in anterior-posterior displacement with dance than no intervention controls
2013 Kattenstroth, et al.	Agilando dance	24 weeks, 1x per week, 60 min sessions	Static and dynamic displacements of center of pressure	Improvements in dynamic limits of stability with dance but not in no intervention controls
2013 Krampe	TLM Dance Therapy	6 weeks, 3x per week, 45 min sessions	Multidirectional Reach Test	No change in either dance or no intervention controls
2014 Borges, et al.	Ballroom dancing	12 weeks, 3x per week, 50 min sessions	Changes in the distribution of weight during static stance	Greater improvement with dance than no intervention controls
2014 Coubard, et al.	Contemporary dance	4 weeks, 3x per week, 90 min sessions	Various signal diffusion analysis, recurrence quantification analysis, and detrended fluctuation analysis metrics in static postures	Some changes in center of pressure displacements with dance compared to no intervention controls
2014 Song, et al.	Senile Fancy Gymnastics audio and video products	12 months, 6x per week, 40 min sessions	Time able to step in place with eyes closed within a small circle	Improvement in dance at all timepoints. No improvement in Tai Chi at 4 months. Similar improvements as Tai Chi at 8 months. Less Improvement than Tai Chi at 12 months.
			Deviations of center of pressure during dynamic balance	Improvement in dance at all timepoints. Similar improvements as Tai Chi at 4 and 8 months. Less Improvement than Tai Chi at 12 months.