Table 4.
Hazard ratios for mortality, by baseline sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions of those residents with valid mortality data
| Baseline variable | No. of subjects a (%) | No. of person-years | No. of deaths | Hazard ratio b (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 699 (100) | 4,134.6 | 598 | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 65–74 | 95 (12.7) | 774.9 | 68 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 75–84 | 287 (39.9) | 1,904.7 | 248 | 1.48 (1.11–1.99) |
| ≥85 | 317 (47.4) | 1,455.0 | 282 | 2.19 (1.52–3.16) |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 386 (75.7) | 2,343.0 | 331 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Men | 313 (24.3) | 1,791.6 | 267 | 1.11 (0.94–1.31) |
| Type of facility | ||||
| Public | 401 (47.0) | 2,348.4 | 357 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Subsidized | 72 (8.0) | 369.3 | 60 | 1.14 (0.90–1.44) |
| Private | 226 (45.0) | 1,416.8 | 181 | 0.84 (0.66–1.08) |
| No. of chronic conditions | ||||
| 0–1 | 151 (21.6) | 1,038.6 | 125 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 2–3 | 290 (42.0) | 1,851.0 | 245 | 0.99 (0.77–1.26) |
| ≥4 | 258 (36.4) | 1,245.0 | 228 | 1.21 (0.96–1.54) |
| Functional dependency | ||||
| Independent | 187 (22.1) | 1,465.7 | 154 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Mild/moderate | 316 (47.0) | 1,910.9 | 270 | 1.37 (1.14–1.63) |
| Severe/total | 179 (28.4) | 688.9 | 157 | 2.27 (1.78–2.89) |
| Unknown | 17 (2.5) | |||
| Cognitive impairment | ||||
| Unimpaired | 297 (41.6) | 2,069.6 | 246 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Mild/moderate | 169 (26.8) | 798.1 | 145 | 1.38 (1.05–1.81) |
| Severe | 79 (14.0) | 283.1 | 70 | 2.11 (1.45–3.05) |
| Unknown | 154 (17.6) | |||
| Self-rated health | ||||
| Very good/good | 336 (48.1) | 2,309.3 | 274 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Fair | 197 (26.4) | 1,137.0 | 174 | 1.28 (1.07–1.53) |
| Poor/very poor | 95 (13.5) | 443.8 | 85 | 1.58 (1.17–2.12) |
| Unknown | 71 (12.0) | |||
| Physician-rated health | ||||
| Very good/good | 329 (42.7) | 2,291.5 | 275 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Fair | 222 (31.1) | 1,059.7 | 196 | 1.41 (1.15–1.73) |
| Poor/very poor | 69 (10.3) | 289.6 | 61 | 1.55 (1.02–2.35) |
| Unknown | 79 (15.9) | |||
| Objective health c | ||||
| Good | 40 (4.4) | 367.3 | 29 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Intermediate | 199 (31.2) | 1,376.1 | 161 | 1.27 (0.84–1.91) |
| Poor | 351 (51.6) | 1,631.5 | 310 | 1.83 (1.27–2.63) |
| Unknown | 109 (12.8) | |||
a Unweighted sample counts and weighted percentages based on the underlying population distribution
b Hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from Cox models, with years from the baseline interview as the time scale, adjusted for baseline age, sex, and type of facility, taking into account the stratified cluster sampling and the different selection probabilities
c Residents presenting with 0–1 chronic conditions, functionally independent in basic activities of daily living, and having unimpaired cognition were assigned to good objective health; those presenting with ≥ 4 chronic conditions, severe/total functional dependency, or severe cognitive impairment were assigned to poor objective health; and the remaining residents presenting with intermediate severity levels were assigned to fair objective health