Table 1.
Observed Educational Attainment by Two Aspects of Rural-Urban Divide
Variable | At-birth Hukou | Pre-tertiary School | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | |
Educational attainment | ||||
No formal schooling | 0.010 | 0.108 | 0.009 | 0.119 |
Primary school | 0.078 | 0.319 | 0.051 | 0.363 |
Junior high school | 0.285 | 0.319 | 0.235 | 0.356 |
Senior high school | 0.360 | 0.163 | 0.398 | 0.117 |
Tertiary | 0.267 | 0.091 | 0.308 | 0.045 |
Family origin | ||||
Parental education (years) | 7.145 | 4.297 | 7.295 | 3.894 |
Parental professional occupation | 0.376 | 0.099 | 0.353 | 0.086 |
Parent died by 14 | 0.091 | 0.107 | 0.075 | 0.119 |
Parent party membership | 0.195 | 0.112 | 0.198 | 0.101 |
Individual characteristics | ||||
Male | 0.500 | 0.469 | 0.508 | 0.460 |
First or only child | 0.401 | 0.292 | 0.400 | 0.281 |
Cohort | ||||
Born 1944–1960 | 0.355 | 0.329 | 0.302 | 0.363 |
Born 1961–1970 | 0.265 | 0.300 | 0.258 | 0.309 |
Born 1971–1986 | 0.380 | 0.370 | 0.441 | 0.328 |
Region | ||||
Eastern | 0.449 | 0.295 | 0.410 | 0.305 |
Central | 0.356 | 0.445 | 0.372 | 0.444 |
Western | 0.195 | 0.260 | 0.218 | 0.251 |
Lived in a different region by 14 | 0.112 | 0.283 | 0.204 | 0.238 |
n | 1766 | 3421 | 2093 | 3094 |
Source: Authors’ compilation using CGSS 2008.