Table 1.

Observed Educational Attainment by Two Aspects of Rural-Urban Divide

Variable	At-birth Hukou		Pre-tertiary School
	Urban	Rural	Urban	Rural
Educational attainment
No formal schooling	0.010	0.108	0.009	0.119
Primary school	0.078	0.319	0.051	0.363
Junior high school	0.285	0.319	0.235	0.356
Senior high school	0.360	0.163	0.398	0.117
Tertiary	0.267	0.091	0.308	0.045
Family origin
Parental education (years)	7.145	4.297	7.295	3.894
Parental professional occupation	0.376	0.099	0.353	0.086
Parent died by 14	0.091	0.107	0.075	0.119
Parent party membership	0.195	0.112	0.198	0.101
Individual characteristics
Male	0.500	0.469	0.508	0.460
First or only child	0.401	0.292	0.400	0.281
Cohort
Born 1944–1960	0.355	0.329	0.302	0.363
Born 1961–1970	0.265	0.300	0.258	0.309
Born 1971–1986	0.380	0.370	0.441	0.328
Region
Eastern	0.449	0.295	0.410	0.305
Central	0.356	0.445	0.372	0.444
Western	0.195	0.260	0.218	0.251
Lived in a different region by 14	0.112	0.283	0.204	0.238
n	1766	3421	2093	3094

Source: Authors’ compilation using CGSS 2008.