Table 2. The Crude and Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Stroke among the Sample Subjects during the Three-year Follow-up Period Starting from the Index Ambulatory Care Visits (N = 52,065).
| Total sample N = 52,065 | Comparison subjects N = 41,652 | Subjects with COPD N = 10,413 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Occurrence of stroke, N (%) | 2,689 (5.2%) | 1962 (4.7%) | 727 (7.0%) |
| Incidence per 10000 person-year | 218 | 192 | 343 |
| Crude HR (95% CI) | – | 1.00 | 1.82* (1.67–1.99) |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) a | – | 1.00 | 1.65* (1.51–1.79) |
| Propensity score calibration adjusted HR (95% CI) b | – | 1.00 | 1.62* (1.49–1.77) |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) a for ischemic stroke | 1.00 | 1.64* (1.49–1.82) | |
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) a for hemorrhagic stroke | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.89–1.57) |
Abbreviation: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval.
aAdjustment for patient’s age, gender, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
bAdjustment for patient’s age, gender, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and diabetes and unmeasured confounders including smoking, drinking and body mass index.
*p < 0.001.