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. 2015 Jan 1;4(1):89–96. doi: 10.1089/biores.2014.0032

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© Ching-Ming Yang et al. 2015; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.

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FIG. 1. — Upregulation of autophagy in ADSC spheroids. (A) ADSCs were seeded on CS substrates in a 24-well plate or a blank well (TCPS) and harvested at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. The LC3 protein expression was detected by Western blots at the indicated time points. GAPDH was used as an internal control. Band intensities were quantified, and the LC3-II expression was normalized to GAPDH. (B) GFP-LC3 plasmids were transfected to ADSCs and cells were seeded to CS substrates for 24 h. Cells were then transferred to a 1% gelatin-coated cover slide and fixed. The GFP-LC3 puncta were analyzed with 100×magnification using a fluorescence microscope. (C) Quantitative analyses of GFP-LC3 puncta per cell. *p<0.05 versus TCPS. ADSCs, adipose-derived stem cells; CS, chitosan; TCPS, tissue culture polystyrene.