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. 2015 Feb 1;4(1):164–174. doi: 10.1089/biores.2014.0057

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© Mayumi Umebayashi et al. 2015; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.

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FIG. 3. — Histological observation at 4 weeks of GAM transplantation to onlay placement. (A–C) Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of specimens in GFP, BMP4, and Runx2 groups, respectively. Considerable bone formation was recognized along the host bone in BMP4 (B) and Runx2 (C) groups when compared with that in GFP (A) group. Scale bar is 50 μm. (D–F) The black box areas in (A–C) are shown in higher magnification. Newly formed bone in BMP4 (E) and Runx2 (F) groups clearly surrounded β-TCP granules, while absorption areas of β-TCP granules could not be found obviously in the GFP group (D). Scale bar is 10 μm. Yellow dotted line indicates boundary of the host and newly formed bone; black arrow, area of augmented bone; asterisk, β-TCP granules; and black arrow head, replacement to bone at the surface of absorbed β-TCP granules.