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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jul 11;212(2):145–156. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.07.003

Table 2.

Assessment of study quality

Author, Published Year Consecutive
sample		 Prospective
cohort design		 Exam Evaluators Blinded Reliability
quantified		 Outcome
Defined		 Predictive performance
Assessed		 Statistical association
reported
Papiernik et al., 198627 Yes Yes DE OBs Unclear No Yes No Yes
Bouyer et al., 198661 Yes Yes DE Ibid Unclear No Yes Yes Yes
Mortensen et al,198765 Yes Yes DE Midwives Unclear No Yes Yes Yes
Hartmann et al, 199975 Yes Yes DE OBs & nurses Provider No Yes Yes No
Newman et al., 200877 Yes Yes DE Nurses & examiners Provider No Yes Yes No
Iams et al., 19968 Yes Yes DE & TVU Nurses & examiners Provider No Yes Yes Yes
Hasegawa et al, 199681 Yes Yes TVU ? Unclear No Yes Yes Yes
Taipale & Hiilesmaa, 199863 Yes Yes TVU OBs and midwives Provider No Yes Yes Yes
To et al., 200164 Yes Yes TVU OBs & sonographers Provider No Yes No Yes
de Carvalho et al, 200576 Yes Yes TVU Sonographers Patient & Provider No Yes Yes No
Leung et al, 200562 Yes Yes TVU Sonographers Patient & Provider No Yes Yes No
Parra-Saavedra et al., 201180 Yes Yes TVU OBs Unclear Yes Yes Yes No

Note: OB, obstetrician; DE: digital examination; TVU: transvaginal sonography; ?: not clear.