FIGURE 8.

CF1 mouse fibroblast-derived iNPCs can be generated from functional mDA neurons in vitro. A, schematic diagram depicting the timeline of the MiNPC conversion process. B, phase-contrast image of differentiated MiNPC morphology. C–F, TH⁺TUJ1⁺ cells were generated during DA differentiation conditions in Nurr1 + FoxA2 + neurogenin 2-transduced MiNPCs. Similar to REF-iNPCs, MEF-iNPCs generated functional DA neurons. After differentiation for 10 days, TH⁺ cells co-expressed neuron-specific markers (TUJ1, MAP2, and HuC/D) (G–I), DA homeostasis markers (DAT and VMAT2) (J and K), marker specific for midbrain (NURR1) (L), and synapse formation marker (synapsin I; SYN1) (M). M′, higher magnification view of M; N, electrophysiological analysis. Error bars, S.E. Scale bars, 20 μm (B–E) and 50 μm (G–M).