Effect of Rnf20 knockdown on the progression of preimplantation development. The small interfering RNAs against Rnf20 (siRnf20 #1 and #2) or green fluorescent protein (siGFP) were injected into the cytoplasm of the embryos 2 h after insemination. Development to the 1-, 2- and 4-cell, morula and blastocyst (Blast.) stages was observed at 12, 28, 45, 70 and 96 h after insemination, respectively. Four independent experiments were performed, and the data were accumulated. A total of 79 embryos were examined in each experimental group. Black, white, grey and marble bars indicate no injection, siGFP, siRnf20 #1 and siRnf20 #2, respectively. Values indicated by asterisks are significantly lower than the control values (siGFP) (P < 0.01; χ2-test).