Table 1.
Demographic and disease characteristics according to physicians: whole population
| GPs N=771 |
DBs N=209 |
P-value GP vs DB | Total N=980 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 80.7±4.4 | 80.7±3.9 | 0.849 | 80.7±4.3 |
| Sex (% male) | 55.8 | 55.0 | 0.832* | 55.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 28.6±4.8 | 29.2±4.7 | 0.128 | 28.7±4.8 |
| Duration of T2DM (years, mean ± SD) | 14.2±7.9 | 19.7±10.6 | <0.001 | 15.4±8.8 |
| % of patients with ≥15 years duration | 46.4 | 66.0 | <0.001* | 50.6 |
| HbA1c (%, mean ± SD) | 7.3±1.0 | 7.8±1.2 | <0.001 | 7.4±1.1 |
| <7%, % of patients | 40.1 | 21.5 | <0.001* | 36.1 |
| 7%–7.5%, % of patients | 24.1 | 20.6 | 23.3 | |
| 7.5%–8%, % of patients | 14.9 | 23.4 | 16.7 | |
| ≥8%, % of patients | 20.9 | 34.4 | 23.8 | |
| At least one complication, % of patients | 87.5 | 93.8 | 0.024** | 88.9 |
| Microvascular | 78.3 | 90.0 | <0.001* | 80.8 |
| Retinopathy | 19.2 | 23.0 | 0.227* | 20.0 |
| Nephropathy | 71.5 | 85.6 | <0.001* | 74.5 |
| Neuropathy | 15.0 | 31.1 | <0.001* | 18.5 |
| Macrovascular | 46.7 | 56.5 | 0.012* | 48.8 |
| Coronary heart disease | 28.1 | 39.2 | 0.002* | 30.5 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 10.6 | 11.0 | 0.878* | 10.7 |
| Lower limb arteriopathy | 19.7 | 22.5 | 0.377* | 20.3 |
| Symptomatic heart failure | 23.2 | 10.5 | <0.001* | 20.5 |
| At least one CV risk factor, % of patients | 99.3 | 99.5 | 1.000** | 99.4 |
| Hypertension | 95.5 | 97.1 | 0.285* | 95.8 |
| Dyslipidemia | 75.2 | 86.6 | 0.001* | 77.7 |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 53.4 | 47.8 | 0.151* | 52.2 |
| Management of CV risk | ||||
| Number of co-medicationsa, mean ± SD | 5.4±2.8 | 6.1±2.8 | 0.007 | 5.5±2.8 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs, % of patients | 71.7 | 84.7 | <0.001* | 74.5 |
| Anti-platelet therapies, % of patients | 64.3 | 66.5 | 0.559* | 64.8 |
| Anti-hypertensive treatments, % of patients | 95.1 | 97.1 | 0.203* | 95.5 |
| ≥3 Anti-hypertensive drugs, % of patients | 40.1 | 51.7 | 0.003* | 42.6 |
| One/two RAAS blockers, % of patients | 73.3/2.9 | 77.5/4.3 | 0.147* | 74.2/3.2 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD) | 43.1±17.4 | 41.3±14.0 | 0.117 | 42.7±16.8 |
| <30, % of patients | 20.1 | 17.7 | 0.378* | 19.6 |
| 30–60, % of patients | 69.9 | 74.6 | 70.9 | |
| ≥60, % of patients | 10.0 | 7.7 | 9.5 | |
| UAER, % of patientsb | ||||
| Microalbuminuria | 51.9 | 40.6 | 0.020* | 49.2 |
| Macroalbuminuria | 27.8 | 29.7 | 28.3 | |
| Specialists’ involvement, % of patients | ||||
| Diabetologist | 42.3 | 100 | <0.001* | 54.6 |
| Nephrologist | 36.6 | 44.0 | 0.049* | 38.2 |
| Cardiologist | 80.9 | 83.7 | 0.355* | 81.5 |
Notes:
a
Associated treatments for CV risk management, except anti-diabetic treatments;
b
this information was available for 67% of the patients;
*
chi-square test;
**
Fisher’s test. N = the number of patients.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CV, cardiovascular; DB, diabetologist; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GPs, general practitioners; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; RAAS, renin angiotensin aldosterone system; SD, standard deviation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; UAER, urinary albumin excretion rate.