Table 2.
Demographic and disease characteristics according to physicians: patients with HbA1c <7.5%
| GPs N=491 |
DBs N=88 |
P-value GP vs DB | Total N=579 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 80.6±4.4 | 80.5±4.3 | 0.901 | 80.6±4.4 |
| Sex (% male) | 59.4 | 62.5 | 0.583* | 59.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 28.4±4.7 | 29.4±4.4 | 0.73 | 28.5±4.6 |
| Duration of T2DM (years, mean ± SD) | 13.4±7.9 | 20.5±10.6 | <0.001 | 14.5±8.7 |
| HbA1c (%, mean ± SD) | 6.7±0.5 | 6.8±0.4 | 0.041 | 6.7±0.5 |
| <7%, % of patients | 62.5 | 51.1 | 0.044* | 60.8 |
| ≥7 and <7.5%, % of patients | 37.5 | 48.9 | 39.2 | |
| At least one complication, % of patients | 85.5 | 95.5 | 0.028** | 87.0 |
| Microvascular | 74.7 | 89.8 | 0.002* | 77.0 |
| Retinopathy | 17.3 | 25.0 | 0.087* | 18.5 |
| Nephropathy | 68.2 | 84.1 | 0.003* | 70.6 |
| Neuropathy | 14.5 | 35.2 | <0.001 | 17.6 |
| Macrovascular | 44.6 | 62.5 | 0.002* | 47.3 |
| Coronary heart disease | 27.5 | 43.2 | 0.003* | 29.9 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 9.2 | 12.5 | 0.330* | 9.7 |
| Lower limb arteriopathy | 18.9 | 25.0 | 0.190* | 19.9 |
| Symptomatic heart failure | 22.6 | 13.6 | 0.058* | 21.2 |
| At least one CV risk factor, % of patients | 99.2 | 100 | 1.000** | 99.3 |
| Hypertension | 96.3 | 97.7 | 0.753** | 96.5 |
| Dyslipidemia | 73.7 | 88.6 | 0.003* | 76.0 |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 52.7 | 51.1 | 0.780* | 52.5 |
| Management of CV risk | ||||
| Number of co-medicationsa, mean ± SD | 5.4±3.0 | 6.9±3.2 | <0.001 | 5.6±3.1 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs, % of patients | 69.7 | 87.5 | 0.001 | 72.4 |
| Anti-platelet therapies, % of patients | 62.1 | 71.6 | 0.089 | 63.6 |
| Anti-hypertensive treatments, % of patients | 95.9 | 97.7 | 0.555** | 96.2 |
| ≥3 Anti-hypertensive drugs, % of patients | 38.5 | 51.1 | 0.026* | 40.4 |
| One/two RAAS blockers, % of patients | 72.7/3.3 | 76.1/3.4 | 0.767* | 73.2/3.3 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD) | 43.5±17.6 | 40.7±16.3 | 0.170 | 43.1±17.5 |
| <30, % of patients | 18.3 | 20.5 | 0.558* | 18.7 |
| 30–60, % of patients | 71.3 | 72.7 | 71.5 | |
| ≥60, % of patients | 10.4 | 6.8 | 9.8 | |
| UAER, % of patientsb | ||||
| Microalbuminuria | 49.5 | 39.1 | 0.070* | 47.7 |
| Macroalbuminuria | 27.4 | 24.6 | 26.9 | |
| Specialists’ involvement, % of patients | ||||
| Diabetologist | 39.3 | 100 | <0.001* | 48.5 |
| Nephrologist | 37.1 | 47.7 | 0.059* | 38.7 |
| Cardiologist | 80.2 | 86.4 | 0.176* | 81.2 |
Notes:
a
Associated treatments for CV risk management, except anti-diabetic treatments;
b
this information was available for 67% of the patients;
*
chi-square test;
**
Fisher’s test. N = the number of patients.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CV, cardiovascular; DB, diabetologist; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GPs, general practitioners; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; RAAS, renin angiotensin aldosterone system; SD, standard deviation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; UAER, urinary albumin excretion rate.