Table 2.

Selection and Influence Processes for Adolescent Problem Behaviors^a

	Delinquency			Alcohol Use			Smoking
	OR	b	SE	OR	b	SE	OR	b	SE
Selection parameters
Behavior alter	1.029	0.029 ***	0.004	1.085	0.082 ***	0.009	1.119	0.112 ***	0.017
Behavior ego	0.985	−0.015	0.010	0.961	−0.039 *	0.019	0.993	−0.007	0.034
Behavior similarity	1.246	0.220 ***	0.026	1.335	0.289 ***	0.022	1.551	0.439 ***	0.044
Behavioral parameters
Friends’ attributes
Friends’ Behavior	3.029	1.108 ***	0.084	3.590	1.278 ***	0.079	7.564	2.023 ***	0.165
Control variables (individual level)
Sex	1.041	0.040 ***	0.009	0.867	−0.142 ***	0.013	0.818	−0.201 ***	0.025
Race	0.923	−0.080 **	0.022	0.993	−0.007	0.026	0.986	−0.014	0.020
Lives with Both Biological Parents	0.883	−0.125 ***	0.015	0.968	−0.032	0.019	0.809	−0.211 ***	0.037
School Adjustment & Bonding	0.871	−0.138 ***	0.012	0.831	−0.185 ***	0.012	0.789	−0.237 ***	0.012
Family Relations	0.815	−0.204 ***	0.020	0.868	−0.142 ***	0.020	0.848	−0.165 ***	0.025
Risk & Sensation Seeking	1.104	0.099 ***	0.006	1.158	0.147 ***	0.010	1.150	0.140 ***	0.014

^***p < .001.

^**p < .01.

^*p < .05.

^†p < .10.

^aModels also include rate and shape, structural, and selection parameters for sex and race