FIGURE 1.

^* Historically situated pathways through which Big Events may sometimes unleash HIV epidemics and other harms^**.*This model was published in Friedman, S. R., Rossi, D., & Braine, N. (2009). Theorizing “Big Events” as a potential risk environment for drug use, drug-related harm and HIV epidemic outbreaks. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 20(3), 283–291. ^**In some cases, such as with normative regulation and the organization of gender and sexuality, and as with corruption and insecurity (fear for one’s personal safety), variables that fit together in homologous places in the system of arrows (pathways) have been grouped together so the model remains readable.

Note. PWID: People Who Inject Drugs.