Table 3.
Depressive Symptomatology | ||||||
at Baseline | at Follow-up | |||||
β | (SE) | ρ-value | β | (SE) | ρ-value | |
Neighborhood ethnic density | ||||||
Low <15% (ref.) | − | − | ||||
High 15%≥ | 2.17 | 0.75 | <0.01 ** | 0.51 | 0.74 | 0.49 |
Neighborhood population living below poverty level | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.03 * | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.02 * |
Gender | ||||||
Male (ref.) | − | − | ||||
Female | 5.22 | 0.82 | <0.0001 *** | 5.35 | 0.78 | <0.0001 *** |
Pre-migration urbanicity | ||||||
Urban/suburban (ref.) | − | − | ||||
Town | −1.50 | 1.16 | 0.20 | −1.86 | 1.10 | 0.09 + |
Rural | −0.54 | 0.82 | 0.52 | −1.55 | 0.78 | 0.05 * |
Reason for migration | ||||||
Socioeconomic reasons (ref.) | − | − | ||||
Family reunification/to take care of family | 1.89 | 0.82 | 0.02 * | 2.41 | 0.77 | <0.01 ** |
Acces to health care services | 6.09 | 1.63 | <0.0001 *** | 3.60 | 1.54 | 0.02 * |
Personal and family problems | 4.31 | 1.41 | <0.01 ** | 6.11 | 1.33 | <0.0001 *** |
Length of stay in the U.S. mainland-categories | ||||||
Less 15y (ref.) | − | − | ||||
15-24y | −1.56 | 1.71 | 0.36 | −0.26 | 1.61 | 0.87 |
25-34y | −2.00 | 1.53 | 0.19 | −0.66 | 1.44 | 0.65 |
>35y | −3.47 | 1.38 | 0.01 ** | −3.13 | 1.31 | 0.02 * |
Language acculturation quartiles | ||||||
Q1 (Low) (ref.) | − | − | ||||
Q2 | −0.24 | 1.02 | 0.82 | −1.20 | 0.97 | 0.22 |
Q3 | −0.85 | 1.05 | 0.42 | −1.42 | 0.99 | 0.15 |
Q4 (High) | −2.02 | 1.06 | 0.06 + | −2.17 | 1.00 | 0.03 * |
Perceived racial/ethnic/language discrimination | ||||||
No|no answer (ref.) | ||||||
Yes | 2.63 | 0.81 | 0.001 *** | 1.65 | 0.77 | 0.03 * |
Social activities - Factors | ||||||
Recreational activities | −1.33 | 0.28 | <0.0001 *** | −1.44 | 0.27 | <0.0001 *** |
Friends and neighbors activities | −1.41 | 0.31 | <0.0001 *** | −1.26 | 0.30 | <0.0001 *** |
Family activities | −0.26 | 0.33 | 0.44 | −0.46 | 0.32 | 0.15 |
Church related activities | −1.42 | 0.33 | <0.0001 *** | −1.41 | 0.31 | <0.0001 *** |
ρ≤0.001;
ρ≤0.01;
ρ≤0.05;
ρ≤0.10