Table 3.

Bivariate associations with depressive symptomatology (CES-D)

	Depressive Symptomatology
	at Baseline			at Follow-up
	β	(SE)	ρ-value	β	(SE)	ρ-value
Neighborhood ethnic density
Low <15% (ref.)		−			−
High 15%≥	2.17	0.75	<0.01 **	0.51	0.74	0.49
Neighborhood population living below poverty level	0.24	0.11	0.03 *	0.24	0.11	0.02 *
Gender
Male (ref.)		−			−
Female	5.22	0.82	<0.0001 ***	5.35	0.78	<0.0001 ***
Pre-migration urbanicity
Urban/suburban (ref.)		−			−
Town	−1.50	1.16	0.20	−1.86	1.10	0.09 +
Rural	−0.54	0.82	0.52	−1.55	0.78	0.05 *
Reason for migration
Socioeconomic reasons (ref.)		−			−
Family reunification/to take care of family	1.89	0.82	0.02 *	2.41	0.77	<0.01 **
Acces to health care services	6.09	1.63	<0.0001 ***	3.60	1.54	0.02 *
Personal and family problems	4.31	1.41	<0.01 **	6.11	1.33	<0.0001 ***
Length of stay in the U.S. mainland-categories
Less 15y (ref.)		−			−
15-24y	−1.56	1.71	0.36	−0.26	1.61	0.87
25-34y	−2.00	1.53	0.19	−0.66	1.44	0.65
>35y	−3.47	1.38	0.01 **	−3.13	1.31	0.02 *
Language acculturation quartiles
Q1 (Low) (ref.)		−			−
Q2	−0.24	1.02	0.82	−1.20	0.97	0.22
Q3	−0.85	1.05	0.42	−1.42	0.99	0.15
Q4 (High)	−2.02	1.06	0.06 +	−2.17	1.00	0.03 *
Perceived racial/ethnic/language discrimination
No|no answer (ref.)
Yes	2.63	0.81	0.001 ***	1.65	0.77	0.03 *
Social activities - Factors
Recreational activities	−1.33	0.28	<0.0001 ***	−1.44	0.27	<0.0001 ***
Friends and neighbors activities	−1.41	0.31	<0.0001 ***	−1.26	0.30	<0.0001 ***
Family activities	−0.26	0.33	0.44	−0.46	0.32	0.15
Church related activities	−1.42	0.33	<0.0001 ***	−1.41	0.31	<0.0001 ***

^***ρ≤0.001;

^**ρ≤0.01;

^*ρ≤0.05;

⁺ρ≤0.10