Table 4.
Model 1 (a) | Model 2 (b) | Model 3 (c) | ||||||||
β | (SE) | ρ-value | β | (SE) | ρ-value | Coeff | (SE) | ρ-value | ||
Neighborhood Level | ||||||||||
Neighborhood ethnic density | ||||||||||
Low <15% (ref.) | − | − | − | |||||||
High 15%≥ | −1.17 | 0.64 | 0.07 + | −0.97 | 0.66 | 0.15 | −2.93 | 1.52 | 0.05 * | |
Individual Level | ||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||
Male (ref.) | − | − | ||||||||
Female | 2.10 | 0.70 | 0.002 ** | −0.03 | 0.94 | 0.98 | ||||
Pre-migration urbanicity (PMU) | ||||||||||
Urban/suburban (ref.) | − | − | ||||||||
Town | −1.42 | 0.90 | 0.12 | −1.28 | 0.90 | 0.15 | ||||
Rural | −1.60 | 0.65 | 0.01 * | −1.53 | 0.65 | 0.02 * | ||||
Reason for migration | ||||||||||
Socioeconomic reasons (ref.) | − | − | ||||||||
Family reunification/to take care of family | 0.89 | 0.66 | 0.18 | 0.87 | 0.66 | 0.19 | ||||
Acces to health care services | −0.05 | 1.37 | 0.97 | −0.16 | 1.37 | 0.91 | ||||
Personal and family problems | 3.07 | 1.10 | 0.01 ** | 3.20 | 1.10 | 0.004 ** | ||||
Length of stay in the U.S. mainland | ||||||||||
Less 15y (ref.) | − | − | ||||||||
15-24y | 0.59 | 1.31 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 1.31 | 0.77 | ||||
25-34y | 0.24 | 1.22 | 0.85 | 0.10 | 1.21 | 0.93 | ||||
>35y | −0.26 | 1.17 | 0.82 | −0.33 | 1.17 | 0.78 | ||||
Language acculturation quartiles | ||||||||||
Q1 (Low) (ref.) | − | − | ||||||||
Q2 | −0.59 | 0.80 | 0.46 | 1.34 | 1.23 | 0.27 | ||||
Q3 | −0.40 | 0.87 | 0.64 | −0.44 | 1.22 | 0.72 | ||||
Q4 (High) | −0.10 | 0.99 | 0.92 | −0.56 | 1.28 | 0.66 | ||||
Perceived racial/ethnic/language discrimination | ||||||||||
No|no answer (ref.) | − | |||||||||
Yes | 0.54 | 0.64 | 0.40 | − | ||||||
Recreational activities | −0.51 | 0.23 | 0.03 * | −0.53 | 0.23 | 0.02 * | ||||
Friends and neighbors activities | −0.13 | 0.26 | 0.60 | − | ||||||
Family activities | −0.45 | 0.26 | 0.09 + | − | ||||||
Church related activities | −0.54 | 0.27 | 0.04 * | −0.60 | 0.26 | 0.02 * | ||||
Neighborhood & Individual Interactions | ||||||||||
Ethnic density (ED) × Sex | ||||||||||
Low ED neighborhood & high ED males in (ref.) | − | |||||||||
High ED females | 3.51 | 1.28 | 0.01 * | |||||||
Ethnic density (ED) × language acculturation quartiles | ||||||||||
Low ED residents & High ED in Q1-Low (ref.) | − | |||||||||
High ED residents in Q2 | −3.41 | 1.60 | 0.03 * | |||||||
High ED residents in Q3 | −0.0001 | 1.62 | 1.00 | |||||||
High ED residents in Q4-High | 1.42 | 1.67 | 0.38 | |||||||
Level-1 (individuals) η | 1204 | 1142 | 1142 | |||||||
Level-2 (neighborhoods) η | 198 | 196 | 196 | |||||||
Log Likelihood | −4467.1 | −4214.1 | −4208.6 |
ρ<0.001;
ρ<0.01;
ρ<0.05;
ρ<0.10
Model 1= sex + age + education + depressive symp. at baseline + neighborhood poverty level + neighborhood ethnic density
Model 2= Model 1 + pre-migration urbanicity + reason for migration + length of stay + language acculturation + perceived rac/eth/lang discrimination + recreational activities + friends&neighbors activities + family activities + church & other activities
Model 3= Model 2 + (ethnic density*sex) + (ethnic density*language acculturation)