Table 1:
Characteristics of participants by categories of dietary protein intakes (% of total energy): Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study1
| Men (n, 845) | Women (n, 1043) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
| Age 2006-2008 (yr) | 39.5±0.9 | 41.5±0.9 | 41.7±0.9 | 43.1±0.9* | 37.8±0.8 | 39.5±0.8 | 39.7±0.8 | 41.4±0.8* |
| Physical activity (Met-h/week) | 47.5±4.7 | 43.4±4.7 | 36.6±4.7 | 39.6±4.7 | 28.3±2.4 | 32.9±2.4 | 35.1±2.4 | 31.4±2.4 |
| Current smoker (%) | 25.3 | 20.7 | 24.7 | 18.5 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||
| 2006-2008 | 78.8±0.9 | 79.3±0.9 | 79.0±0.9 | 80.1±0.9* | 66.7±0.7 | 68.1±0.7 | 67.4±0.7 | 68.6±0.7* |
| 2009-2011 | 80.7±0.9 | 80.9±0.9 | 80.4±0.9 | 81.9±0.9 | 67.8±0.8 | 69.2±0.8 | 68.7±0.8 | 70.3±0.8 |
| 3-year change | 1.7±0.3 | 1.6±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | 1.8±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.8±0.3 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||
| 2006-2008 | 94.6±0.7 | 94.5±0.7 | 94.5±0.7 | 95.6±0.7 | 85.7±0.7 | 85.9±0.7 | 84.8±0.7 | 86.0±0.7 |
| 2009-2011 | 96.5±0.7 | 96.2±0.7 | 95.9±0.7 | 97.8±0.7 | 91.4±0.7 | 91.8±0.7 | 91.5±0.7 | 92.8±0.7 |
| 3-year change | 1.9±0.3 | 1.6±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | 1.8±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.8±0.3 |
| Serum triglycerides (mg/dl) | ||||||||
| 2006-2008 | 154±6.6 | 170.0±6.6 | 156±6.6 | 161±6.6 | 130±4.1 | 136±4.1 | 125±4.1 | 126±4.1 |
| 2009-2011 | 153±6.5 | 162±6.5 | 148±6.5 | 154±6.5 | 123±4.1 | 130±4.1 | 121±4.1 | 123±4.1 |
| 3-year change | -2.9±5.1 | -3.8±5.1 | -9.7±5.1 | -6.7±5.1 | -6.6±3.1 | -3.4±3.1 | -5.5±3.1 | -4.5±3.1 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | ||||||||
| 2006-2008 | 186±2.5 | 185±2.5 | 184±2.5 | 186±2.5 | 186±2.1 | 191±2.1 | 184±2.1 | 184±2.1 |
| 2009-2011 | 189±2.6 | 186±2.6 | 188±2.6 | 183±2.6 | 186±2.1 | 192±2.1 | 186±2.1 | 189±2.1 |
| 3-year change | 3.2±1.9 | 1.3±1.9 | 3.5±1.9 | -3.5±1.9* | -0.7±1.7 | 3.3±1.7 | 0.9±1.7 | 4.2±1.7 |
| Serum HDL-c (mg/dl) | ||||||||
| 2006-2008 | 37.8±0.6 | 38.4±0.6 | 38.2±0.6 | 38.4±0.6 | 44.5±0.6 | 45.1±0.6 | 45.6±0.6 | 46.5±0.6 |
| 2009-2011 | 41.9±0.6 | 42.7±0.6 | 43.1±0.6 | 41.4±0.6 | 50.7±0.7 | 50.6±0.7 | 51.3±0.7 | 52.8±0.7 |
| 3-year change | 4.1±0.4 | 4.3±0.4 | 4.9±0.4 | 3.1±0.4* | 6.1±0.5 | 5.4±0.5 | 5.6±0.5 | 6.6±0.5 |
| Serum LDL-c (mg/dl) | ||||||||
| 2006-2008 | 118±2.2 | 114±2.2 | 116±2.2 | 116±2.2 | 116±1.9 | 118±1.9 | 113±1.9 | 112±1.2 |
| 2009-2011 | 117±2.3 | 113±2.3 | 116±2.3 | 111±2.3 | 110±1.9 | 116±1.9 | 110±1.9 | 111±1.9 |
| 3-year change | -0.5±1.7 | -1.9±1.7 | -0.1±1.7 | -5.0±1.7 | -5.6±1.5 | -1.2±1.5 | -3.9±1.5 | -1.6±1.5 |
1 Data are age-adjusted mean ± SEM of participant’s characteristics across quartiles of dietary protein intakes using Chi square test or linear regression models with adjustment for age.
Dietary protein intakes (% of energy) in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles were <12.24, 12.24-13.45, 13.46-14.84, and >14.84 in men, and <11.9, 11.9-13.5, 13.6-15.0, and >15.1 in women, respectively.
*P for trend<0.05