Table 1.

Outcome measures for short-term efficacy and safety

Outcome measure	PPH group (n = 54)	Control group (n = 54)	χ2 or t value	P value
Operative time, min	24.36 ± 5.16	44.27 ± 6.57	17.514	< 0.001
Postoperative hospital stay, d	2.1 ± 1.4	3.6 ± 2.3	4.094	0.001
Urinary retention, n (%)	26 (48.15)	20 (37.04)	1.363	0.243
Perianal edema, n (%)	12 (11.11)	23 (42.60)	5.115	0.024
Postoperative VAS score
At 24 h	2.9 ± 0.9	8.3 ± 1.1	27.923	< 0.001
At first defecation	2.0 ± 0.5	6.5±0.8	35.055	< 0.001
At one week	1.7 ± 0.5	5.0 ± 0.7	28.205	< 0.001

VAS: Visual analogue scale; PPH: Procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids.