Table 2.
Risk factors associated with liver dysfunction during and/or after intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves' orbitopathy.
| Number of patients | Liver dysfunction | Univariate | Multivariate analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT (IU/L) | Fisher's exact probability test |
Multinomial logit model for an unordered response |
|||||||
| <40 | 40–100 | 100–300 | >300 | 95% CI | 2 sided | ||||
| 2 × 4 | Lower | Upper | P value | ||||||
| Total | 175 | 96 (55%) | 62 (35%) | 10 (6%) | 7 (4%) | ||||
|
| |||||||||
| Male | 57 | 21 (37%) | 31 (54%) | 5 (9%) | 0 (0%) | χ 2 = 18.34 | |||
| Female | 118 | 75 (64%) | 31 (26%) | 5 (4%) | 7 (6%) | P = 0.000278 | 0.1348 | 1.646 | 0.01895 |
|
| |||||||||
| HBcA b (+) | 43 | 15 (35%) | 24 (56%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (5%) | χ 2 = 11.01 | |||
| P = 0.01125 | |||||||||
| HCVAb (+) | 17 | 6 (35%) | 6 (35%) | 4 (24%) | 1 (6%) | χ 2 = 11.94 | |||
| P = 0.01132 | |||||||||
| HBcAb (+) and/or HCVAb (+) | 53 | 19 (36%) | 26 (49%) | 5 (9%) | 3 (6%) |
χ
2 = 11.36 P = 0.008867∗ |
−0.245 |
1.417 |
0.1846 |
| HBcAb (−) HCVAb (−) | 122 | 77 (63%) | 36 (30%) | 5 (4%) | 4 (3%) | — | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Age | |||||||||
| >50 yr | 95 | 41 (43%) | 45 (47%) | 8 (8%) | 1 (1%) | χ 2 = 20.72 | 0.03396 | 1.553 | 0.03972 |
| ≦50 yr | 80 | 55 (69%) | 17 (21%) | 2 (3%) | 6 (8%) | P = 0.00004 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| IVMP | |||||||||
| >8 g | 118 | 57 (48%) | 47 (40%) | 9 (8%) | 5 (4%) | χ 2 = 7.187 | 0.1012 | 1.640 | 0.02426 |
| <8 g | 57 | 39 (89%) | 15 (26%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (4%) | P = 0.06052 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Smoking | |||||||||
| (+) | 57 | 26 (46%) | 24 (42%) | 4 (7%) | 3 (5%) | χ 2 = 2.969 | |||
| (−) | 118 | 70 (59%) | 38 (32%) | 6 (5%) | 4 (3%) | P = 0.3887 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Alcohol | |||||||||
| (+) | 48 | 24 (50%) | 19 (40%) | 3 (6%) | 2 (4%) | χ 2 = 0.6445 | |||
| (−) | 127 | 72 (57%) | 43 (34%) | 7 (6%) | 5 (4%) | P = 0.9176 | |||
∗Compared to patients without HBcAb or HCVAb.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HBcAb, anti-hepatitis B core antibody; HCVAb, anti-hepatitis C virus antibody; IVMP, intravenous injection of methylprednisolone.