Fig. 3. Effects of the subcutaneous (A) or intracisternal (B) injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) on the NMDA-induced nociceptive behavior. Intracisternal administration of 0.5 µg NMDA evoked a significant nociceptive behavior by the activation of trigeminal neurons. Both subcutaneous and intracisternal injections of BoNT-A attenuated the number of rubbing induced by the intracisternal injection of NMDA. *p<0.05 vehicle vs. BoNT-A treated group, n=8 animals per group.
