FIG. 4.

Ca²⁺ oscillations were reduced in HFD-EPCs. (A) Representative image showing that spontaneous Ca²⁺ oscillations were minimal or absent in HFD-EPCs (0–1,800 s, black) compared with ND-EPCs (0–1,800 s, gray). VEGF (10 ng/mL) treatment elicited a burst of intracellular Ca²⁺ waves in ND-EPCs (1,800–3,600 s, gray), but elicited only a few intracellular Ca²⁺ waves in HFD-EPCs (1,800–3,600 s, black). (B) Comparison of spike frequency between ND-EPCs (48 cells) and HFD-EPCs (52 cells). *^,#P<0.05. (C) Comparison of amplitudes. Spike amplitudes were classified into four regions (0–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–1.5, 1.5–2). Spike numbers within each region were counted.