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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 13.
Published in final edited form as: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2013 Jan 7;39(4):361–368. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3342

Table 1.

Demographic and lifestyle characteristics of study participants by dominant shift, Buffalo Cardio-metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study, 2004–2009. [SD=standard deviation; GED=general educational development]

Characteristics Day shift (N=174) Afternoon shift (N=134) Night shift (N=111) P-value a
N % Mean SD N % Mean SD N % Mean SD
Gender 0.01
  Women 66 37.9 22 16.4 19 17.1
  Men 108 62.1 112 83.6 92 82.9
Race 0.12
  White 126 73.3 107 81.7 93 84.6
  Black 43 25.0 22 16.8 17 15.5
  Hispanic 3 1.7 2 1.5 0 0.0
Work load 0.02
  Low/moderate 64 38.8 54 41.2 27 24.6
  High 101 61.2 77 58.8 83 75.4
Education 0.85
  ≤High school/GED 22 12.7 14 10.5 12 10.8
  College <4 years 97 56.1 70 52.6 63 56.8
  College ≥4 years 54 31.2 49 36.8 36 32.4
Marital status 0.77
  Single 23 13.2 15 11.4 13 11.7
  Married 129 74.1 101 76.5 79 71.2
  Divorced 22 12.6 16 12.1 19 17.1
Smoking status 0.03
  Current 26 15.1 21 15.8 21 18.9
  Former 58 33.7 27 20.3 21 18.9
  Never 88 51.2 85 63.9 69 62.2
Rank 0.01
  Patrol officer 93 53.5 88 66.1 93 83.8
  Sergeant/Lieutenant 26 14.9 15 11.3 13 11.7
  Captain/Detective 55 31.6 30 22.6 5 4.5
Long-term injury 0.18
  Yes (≥3 months) 12 6.9 13 9.7 15 13.5
  No (<3 months) 162 93.1 121 90.3 96 86.5
Sleep hours/night 0.26
  ≤5 26 15.1 26 19.6 25 22.7
  ≥5 146 84.9 107 80.4 85 77.3
Sleep medication usage
  Yes 5 2.9 3 2.3 2 1.8 0.92
  No 169 97.1 130 97.7 109 98.2
Age (in years) 174 46.0 8.0 134 41.2 7.2 111 39.1 6.7 0.01
Body mass index (kg/m2) 173 29.0 5.1 134 29.9 4.8 111 29.3 4.2 0.17
Physical activity (hours/week) 173 14.4 11.3 133 16.6 15.5 109 14.3 12.1 0.25
Average sleep (hours/day) 172 6.3 1.1 133 6.3 1.3 110 6.1 1.2 0.20
Drinks (number/week) 170 6.5 11.3 132 6.0 10.4 110 4.5 5.8 0.27
Years of service 174 19.1 8.5 133 15.4 7.1 111 11.5 6.1 0.01
a

P-values are from χ2 tests of independence or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and from analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing differences in means across dominant shift for continuous variables.