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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Discov. 2015 Jul;5(7):697–700. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0609

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Model mechanisms of how INPP4B acts as a tumor suppressor by reducing AKT2 activation. In the classical model INPP4B reduces PtdIns(3,4)P2 at the plasma membrane. The PIP3 threshold model by Kofuji and colleagues proposes that when PTEN is absent, INPP4B restrains PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels by directly dephosphorylating this lipid to PtdIns(4,5)P2. The compartmentalization model by Chew and colleagues proposes that INPP4B reduces AKT2 activation specifically at the endosome by degrading PtdIns(3,4)P2 produced by PI3K-C2α.