Figure 3. Field observations of fluxes of biogenic benzenoids show broad range of emissions.

Fluxes of biogenic toluene (different species and scales). Large emission rates are typically observed during flowering and phytoplankton bloom. While toluene emissions from phytoplankton (E. huxlei) are an order of magnitude smaller than the emissions from flowering oil palm (E. guineensis) and citrus trees (C. sinensis), the global flux from phytoplankton is expected to be relatively high due to the larger area of oceans.