Table 1.

Associations between Clinicopathologic Factors and Tumor STAS

Variables	All patients		STAS				P
			Absent		Present
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Age, years							0.090
Median	68		68		67
Range	28 – 89		28 – 89		36 – 87
Gender							0.22
Female	247	60	148	58	99	64
Male	164	40	108	42	56	36
Smoking							0.62
Never	52	13	34	13	18	12
Former/current	359	87	222	87	137	88
Surgery							0.87
Lobectomy	291	71	182	71	109	70
Limited resection	120	29	74	29	46	30
Tumor size, cm							0.71
Median	1.5		1.5		1.5
Range	0.3–2.0		0.3–2.0		0.3–2.0
Pleural invasion							0.47
Absent	364	89	229	89	135	87
Present	47	11	27	11	20	13
Lymphatic invasion							0.002
Absent	277	67	187	73	90	58
Present	134	33	69	27	65	42
Vascular invasion		0					0.043
Absent	319	78	207	81	112	72
Present	92	22	49	19	43	28
Lepidic pattern							<0.001
Absent	158	38	80	31	78	50
Present	253	62	176	69	77	50
Acinar pattern							0.15
Absent	15	4	12	5	3	2
Present	396	96	244	95	152	98
Papillary pattern							<0.001
Absent	112	27	88	34	24	15
Present	299	73	168	66	131	85
Micropapillary pattern							<0.001
Absent	205	50	178	70	27	17
Present	206	50	78	30	128	83
Solid pattern							0.001
Absent	263	64	179	70	84	54
Present	148	36	77	30	71	46

STAS, spread through air spaces

Significant P-values are shown in bold