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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 13.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Intern Med. 2008 Oct 13;168(18):1950–1960. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.18.1950

Table 2.

Trials of Pharmacotherapy

Source Setting
Country
# of hospitals		 Subjects
N, Diagnoses
Smoking status
Willingness to quit		 Study design
# of arms		 Pharmacotherapy:
Intervention, Control		 Counseling provided Outcome
Longest f/u,
Type of abstinence,
Validation method
Nicotine replacement therapy
Campbell 199128 UK
1 hospital		 212 current smokers. Inpatients with smoking-related diseases (heart disease, lung disease, other). Willingness to quit not stated. RCT
2 arms		 Intervention:
Nicotine gum 2-4 mg, × 3mo
Control:
Placebo gum × 3 mo		 MD advice, counseling (time not stated).by trained counnselor
Post-discharge:
5 clinic visits (2, 3, 5 wks, 3m, 6m) with counselor [Intensity 4] 		Sustained abstinence at 6m, 12m.
Validation: CO.
Campbell 199629 UK
1 hospital		 62 current smokers. Inpatients with respiratory or cardiovascular disease who were prepared to make a quit attempt RCT
2 arms		 Intervention:
Nicotine patch, 17.5-35 mg, × 12 wk)
Control:
Placebo patch × 12 mo.		 MD advice., counselling (30-60 min) by trained counsellor
Post-discharge: 4 clinic visits at 2,4,8,12 wk with counselor [Intensity 4] 		Sustained abstinence at 3, 6, 12m.
Validation: CO.
Molyneux 200333 UK
1 hospital		 274 current smokers (smoked in past month). Medical and surgical inpatients. Not selected by willingness to quit. RCT
3 arms		 Group 1: offer of open label NRT × 6 wks (choice of gum, patch, inhalator, lozenge, nasal spray); 96% used some NRT.
Group 2: no NRT, counseling only
Group 3: no NRT, usual care.		 Groups 1 & 2: Brief counseling (20 min) + booklet.
Post-discharge: no contact [Intensity 2]
Group 3: usual care		 Sustained abstinence at 3m, 12m.
Validation: CO
Lewis 199817 USA
1 hospital.		 185 current smokers. Inpatients excluding cardiac conditions. Prepared to make quit attempt. RCT
3 arms		 Group 1: Nicotine patch (22 mg for 3 wk + 11 mg for 3 wk)
Group 2: Placebo patch
Group 3: No NRT		 Groups 1 & 2:
MD advice, counseling (2-3 mins), self-help materials.
Post-discharge: 4 telephone calls at 1,3,6 wks, 6m). [Intensity 4]
Group 3:
Advice only		 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6m.
Validation: CO.
Vial 200231 Australia
1 hospital		 102 current smokers Inpatients (medical and surgical wards) Willing to stop smoking RCT
3 arms		 Groups 1 & 2:
Nicotine patches for up to 16 wks
Group 3
No NRT		 Group 1:
Pharmacist consultation about NRT use (30-45 mins) + booklet
Post-discharge: up to 16 weekly visits to get patches from hospital pharmacist. [Intensity 4]
Group 2:
Same as above, but post-discharge visits made to a community pharmacist
Group 3:
usual care (advice to quit + booklet)		 Sustained abstinence at 3m, 6m, 12m.
Validation: CO test ‘whenever possible’ - frequency not stated
Bupropion
Rigotti 200627 USA
5 hospitals		 254 current smokers (smoked in past month)
Inpatients with cardiovascular disease (MI, unstable angina, CHF) or PVD
Willing to consider smoking cessation.		 RCT
2 arms		 Intervention:
Bupropion SR 300 mg/day × 12 wk, started in hospital.
Control:
Placebo × 12 wk		 Both groups:
Cgnitive/behavioural counseling (30-45 min) by nurse + booklet + videotape.
Post-discharge: 5 telephone calls (10 min/call) at 2,7,21 days, 2 mo, 3 mo)
Total counseling: 85-90 min		 Continuous abstinence at 2,4,12, 52 wks.
Validation: Saliva cotinine at 12 and 52 wks, CO at 2 and 4 wks.