Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Incident 2002–2005 SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Participants at the Baseline Visit by Diabetes Type*
| Type 1: n (%) | Type 2: n (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Total Number | 910 | 241 | |
|
| |||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 480 (52.8%) | 92 (38.2%) | p<0.001 |
| Female | 430 (47.2%) | 149 (61.8%) | |
|
| |||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| African American | 95 (10.4%) | 88 (36.5%) | |
| Hispanic | 97 (10.7%) | 56 (23.2%) | p<0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 679 (93.3%) | 49 (20.3%) | |
| Other | 39 (4.3%) | 48 (19.9%) | |
|
| |||
| Age at Baseline Visit | |||
| 10–12 years | 421 (46.3%) | 56 (23.2%) | p<0.0001 |
| 13–15 years | 463 (50.9%) | 167 (69.3%) | |
| ≥ 16 years | 26 ( 2.9%) | 18 ( 7.5%) | |
|
| |||
| Mean age in years (SD) | 13.6 (2.4) | 15.2 (2.5) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Parent Education | |||
| Less than high school graduate | 39 (4.3%) | 35 (14.6%) | |
| High school graduate | 131 (14.5%) | 79 (33.1%) | p<0.0001 |
| Some college – Associate degree | 319 (35.2%) | 85 (35.6%) | |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 416 (46.0%) | 40 (16.7%) | |
|
| |||
| Health Insurance | |||
| Private | 726 (80.6%) | 128 (53.3%) | |
| Medicaid/Other Government Program | 144 (16.0%) | 94 (39.2%) | p<0.0001 |
| Other | 12 ( 1.3%) | 10 ( 4.2%) | |
| None | 19 ( 2.1%) | 8 ( 3.3%) | |
|
| |||
| BMI Category | |||
| Normal weight (< 85th percentile) | 586 (65.8%) | 17 ( 7.3%) | p<0.0001 |
| Overweight (85th – 95th percentile) | 189 (21.2%) | 19 ( 8.2%) | |
| Obese (> 95 th percentile) | 116 (13.0%) | 196 (84.5%) | |
|
| |||
| Mean BMI-z Score (SD) | 0.57 (0.95) | 2.10 (0.75) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Mean Duration of Diabetes in Months (SD) | 10.1 (6.5) | 11.8 (7.3) | p=.0007 |
|
| |||
| HbA1c | |||
| < 7% | 345 (40.5%) | 141 (61.8%) | |
| 7% to 8.99% | 368 (43.2%) | 47 (20.6%) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| ≥ 9% | 139 (16.3%) | 40 (17.5%) | |
|
| |||
| Mean HbA1C Percent (SD) | 7.69 (1.68) | 7.21 (2.13) | P=0.0002 |
|
| |||
| Treatment | |||
| Oral or no diabetes medications | 15 (1.7%) | 158 (66.1%) | |
| Insulin < 3 times per day | 348 (38.4%) | 55 (23.1%) | |
| Insulin 3+ times per day | 465 (51.4%) | 26 (10.9%) | p<0.0001 |
| Insulin pump | 77 (8.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
|
| |||
| Proportion of Self-Care Completed On Own: | |||
| None | 7 (0.8%) | 10 (4.2%) | |
| Less than 25% | 41 (4.5%) | 22 (9.2%) | p<0.0001 |
| 25% – 75% | 288 (31.8%) | 59 (24.6%) | |
| More than 75% | 327 (36.1%) | 59 (24.6%) | |
| All of it | 243 (26.8%) | 90 (37.5%) | |
|
| |||
| Daily Blood Sugar Testing, mean (SD) | 4.72 (0.68) | 3.53 (1.35) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Number of Days of Exercise in Past 7 Days, mean (SD) | 3.54 (2.26) | 2.85 (2.26) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| PedsQL Total Score, mean (SD) | 82.5 (12.2) | 75.2 (16.2) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Physical Health Subscale, mean (SD) | 87.2 (12.2) | 80.3 (17.7) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Psychosocial Subscale, mean (SD) | 79.7 (13.9) | 72.5 (17.6) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Emotional Functioning Subscale, mean (SD) | 77.0 (18.5) | 69.9 (21.2) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Social Functioning Subscale, mean (SD) | 89.0 (14.5) | 80.5 (20.1) | p<0.0001 |
|
| |||
| School Functioning Subscale, mean (SD) | 73.2 (18.1) | 66.9 (21.2) | p<0.0001 |