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A system-level view of the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of C. acetobutylicum. ABE fermentation is a complex process that is implemented through the orchestration of metabolic reactions, gene regulation, and environmental cues. Using a modular construction concept, the entire system can be decomposed into three functional modules, with one regulating another to form an integrated global system. Details of individual modules are described in SI Appendix, Figs. S1–S4.
