Table 1.

Risk of bias in included studies for outcomes of the systematic review

Study	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding: Participants	Blinding: Personnel	Blinding: Outcomes	Incomplete outcome assessment	Selective reporting	Other
Randomized controlled trials
Bladh et al. 26	Unclear	Low	High	High	Mortality: Unclear	Mortality: High	High
					LOA: Unclear	LOA: Low
Gillespie et al. 25	High	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Mortality: Unclear	Mortality: Low	Low	Low
					Re-admissions: Low	Re-admissions: Low
					ED revisits: Low	ED revisits: Low
Lisby et al. 23	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Mortality: Unclear	Mortality: Low	Low
					LOA: Unclear	LOA: Low
					Re-admissions: Unclear	Re-admissions: Low
					ED revisits: Unclear	ED revisits: Low
Lisby et al. 22	Unclear	Unclear	Low	High	Mortality: Unclear	Mortality: Low	Low	High
					LOA: High	LOA: Low
					Re-admissions: Unclear	Re-admissions: Low
					ED revisits: Unclear	ED revisits: Low
Scullin et al. 20	High	Unclear	High	High	Mortality: NA	Mortality: Low	Low	NA
					LOA: High	LOA: Unclear
					Re-admissions: High	Re-admissions: Unclear
Controlled clinical trials
Makowsky et al. 24	High	Unclear	Low	High	LOA: High	LOA: Low	Low	High
					Re-admissions: Unclear	Re-admissions: Low
					ED revisits: Unclear	ED revisits: Low
Spinewine et al. 21	High	Unclear	Low	High	Mortality: Low	Mortality: High	Unclear	NA
					Re-admissions: High	Re-admissions: High
					ED re-visits: High	ED re-visits: High

CCT, controlled clinical trial;

HRQL, health-related quality of life;

LOA, length of admission;

NA, not applicable;

RCT, randomized controlled trial.