Table 1.

Risk of major depression according to statin use across ethnic groups

	White European (n = 638)	South Asian and African Caribbean† (n = 695)
Not on statins % depressed	9.6	11.9
On statins % depressed	9.8	19.5*
	Risk of depression according to statin use		Ethnic–statin interaction
	OR (95% CI)		P value
Model 1: age and gender	1.03 (0.60, 1.76)	1.91 (1.22, 3.01)‡	0.11
Model 2: model 1 + manual labour and stressful life events	0.96 (0.56, 1.65)	1.89 (1.20, 2.99)	0.087
Model 3: model 1 + smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity	0.84 (0.47, 1.49)	1.81 (1.14, 2.87)	0.085
Model 4: model 1 + BMI, diabetes, hypertension and CVD	0.58 (0.29, 1.15)	1.66 (0.98, 2.83)	0.036
Model 5: Full adjustment	0.54 (0.26, 1.13)	1.67 (0.97, 2.88)	0.041
In sample with total cholesterol > 3mmol l–1§:
Full adjustment	0.52 (0.24, 1.13)	1.60 (0.91, 2.79)	0.049

^*Significant ethnic group difference of P < 0.05. BMI body mass index. CVD cardiovascular disease.

^†South Asians only: % depressed - not on statins = 10.2%, on statins = 17.9%^*. For African-Caribbeans only: % depressed - not on statins = 14.6%, on statins = 24.8%^*.

^‡South Asians only: OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.07, 3.52, P = 0.13 for ethnic–statin interaction. African-Caribbeans only: OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.05, 4.57, P = 0.16 for ethnic–statin interaction.

^§To assess the potential confounding role of very low cholesterol, the sample was restricted to those participants with total cholesterol of >3mmol l^–1.