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Comparison of thermal nociceptive responses of intracisternal N/OFQ, substance P and morphine at the dose of 0, 10 and 100 nmol. (A–C) Time course of tail-withdrawal latency in 46°C water. (D–F) Time course of tail-withdrawal latency in 50°C water. Behavioural responses were measured 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after intracisternal administration. Each data point represents mean ± SEM (n = 4). *P < 0.05, significantly different from vehicle, for all time points.
