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. 2015 Mar 11;58(13):5164–5185. doi: 10.1021/jm5016846

Table 1. Clinical Pipeline for C. difficile Treatment Includes Antibiotics and Nonantibiotic Therapies at Each Phase of Development.

compd phase developer class ref
Antibiotic therapies
CRS3123, 5 I National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) methionyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor (59)
NVB302, 6 I Novacta Biosystems Limited lantibiotic (60)
SMT19969, 7 II Summit Corporation Plc./Wellcome Trust bis-benzimidazole (63)
LFF571, 8 II Novartis Pharmaceuticals 4-aminothiazolyl macrocycle (62)
cadazolid, 9 III Actelion quinolonyloxazolidinone (64)
ramoplanin, 10 II (previously completed phase III) Nanotherapeutics, Inc. lipoglycodepsipeptide (65)
rifaximin, 3 III Salix Pharmaceuticals rifamycin (166)
CB-183,315, 11 III Cubist Pharmaceuticals lipopeptide (67, 68)
nitazoxanide, 13 III VA Medical Center, Houston/Baylor College of Medicine nitrothiazolide (70)
Nonantibiotic therapies
IC84 I Valneva Austria GmbH vaccine (72)
frozen encapsulated FMT I Massachusetts General Hospital microbiota restoration (167)
frozen FMT I Massachusetts General Hospital microbiota restoration (168)
defined FMT I Baylor College of Medicine/Michael Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center microbiota restoration (169)
PF-06425090 II Pfizer vaccine (170)
VP20621 II Shire nontoxigenic C. difficile (75)
GS-CDA1, MDX-1388 II University of Massachusetts, Worcester/Medarex human monoclonal antibodies (171)
FMT II NorthShore University HealthSystem microbiota restoration (172)
FMT in pediatric patients II MemorialCare Health System microbiota restoration (173)
FMT II Colleen Kelly, The Miriam Hospital microbiota restoration (174)
FMT by colonoscopy II Catholic University of the Sacred Heart microbiota restoration (175)
RBX2660 II Rebiotix Inc. microbiota restoration (80)
tolevamer (GT267-004) III Genzyme toxin binder (73)
MK-3415, MK-6072, and MK-3415A III Merck human monoclonal antibodies (74)
ACAM-CDIFF III Sanofi-Pasteur vaccine (71)
Bio-K+ CL-1285 III Bio-K Plus International Inc. microbiota restoration (79)
FMT by capsule versus colonoscopy II/III University of Alberta/University of Calgary microbiota restoration (176)