Table 1.
Subject characteristics by sleepiness (sleepiness denoted by Epworth Sleepiness Score ≥10)
| Characteristicsa | Total (n = 225) | Sleepy (n = 113) | Not sleepy (n = 112) |
p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48.0 ± 15.1 (n = 223) | 46.1 ± 15.5 (n = 112) | 49.8 ± 14.5 (n = 111) | 0.07 |
| Sex: male, n (%) | 72 (32.0) | 38 (33.6) | 34 (30.4) | 0.60 |
| Race: white, n (%) | 128 (56.9) | 59 (52.2) | 69 (61.6) | 0.16 |
| Patient relationship | ||||
| Spouse/partner | 41 (18.2) | 19 (16.8) | 22 (19.6) | 0.48 |
| Parent | 38 (16.9) | 17 (15.0) | 21 (18.8) | |
| Child | 52 (23.1) | 26 (23.0) | 26 (23.2) | |
| Sibling | 34 (15.1) | 15 (13.3) | 19 (17.0) | |
| Other | 60 (26.7) | 36 (31.9) | 24 (21.4) | |
| Surrogate (yes) | 93 (41.3) | 42 (37.2) | 51 (45.5) | 0.20 |
| Education (college or more) | 116 (51.6) | 59 (52.1) | 57 (50.9) | 0.84 |
| Hours slept prior night | 6.7 ± 2.3 (n = 213) | 6.5 ± 2.5 (n = 105) | 6.9 ± 2.1 (n = 108) | 0.24 |
| ICU length of stay | 9.7 ± 20.5 | 9.8 ± 20.1 | 9.6 ± 21.1 | 0.94 |
| Previous ICU admit (yes) | 88 (39.3) | 40 (35.4) | 48 (43.2) | 0.23 |
| Advance directive (yes) | 57 (25.9) | 27 (24.3) | 30 (27.5) | 0.59 |
| Clarity of physician explanation | ||||
| Strongly disagree | 6 (2.8) | 3 (2.7) | 3 (2.7) | 0.34 |
| Disagree | 14 (6.2) | 10 (8.8) | 4 (3.6) | |
| Agree | 109 (48.4) | 49 (43.4) | 60 (53.5) | |
| Strongly agree | 93 (41.3) | 50 (44.2) | 43 (38.4) | |
| Unknown | 3 (1.3) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Perceived severity of illness | ||||
| Not very sick | 4 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | 0.78 |
| Sick but will get well | 101 (44.9) | 50 (44.2) | 51 (45.5) | |
| Very sick–may die | 68 (30.2) | 37 (32.7) | 31 (27.7) | |
| Extremely sick–high chance of death |
25 (11.1) | 14 (12.4) | 11 (9.8) | |
| Other | 27 (12.0) | 11 (8.8) | 16 (15.2) | |
| Psychomotor vigilance test (mean reaction time in milliseconds) |
387.7 ± 130.0 | 397.5 ± 107.8 | 377.8 ± 148.6 | 0.26 |
| Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire-10 |
16.5 ± 2.8 | 15.6 ± 3.0 | 17.4 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
*
For continuous variables, p values were obtained from two- sample t tests; for categorical variables, p values were obtained from tests of comparison of proportions
a
Continuous values are presented as mean ± SD, and categorical values are presented as number (%)