Table 2.
Sleep measures, OSA symptoms and OSA risk in normal control (NC), non-severe (NSA) and severe asthma (SA) subjects, in univariate and multivariate (adjusted for age, gender, obesity, race and smoking history) analyses.
| NC (n=146) | NSA (n=161) | SA (n=94) | Unadjusted P-value (3 groups)† | Adjusted P-values* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA vs NC | NSA vs NC | SA vs NSA | |||||
| Sleep duration (hours) | 7 (1) | 7 (2) | 7 (3) | 0.75 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.99 |
| Daytime sleepiness n, (%) | 18 (12%) | 64 (40%) | 38 (40%) | <0.0001¥,§ | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.44 |
| ESS | 5 (4) | 7 (4) | 8 (5) | <0.0001¥,§ | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.33 |
| Abnormal ESS (score >10) n, (%) | 11 (8%) | 31 (19%) | 29 (31%) | <0.0001‡ | <0.0001 | 0.004 | 0.01 |
| PSQI | 7 (3) | 9 (3) | 11 (3) | <0.0001‡ | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 |
| Abnormal PSQI (score > 5) n, (%) | 126 (86%) | (158) 98% | 94 (100%) | <0.0001¥,§ | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | 0.74 |
| Any snoring n, (%) | 68 (47%) | 114 (71%) | 68 (72%) | <0.0001 | 0.03 | 0.0004 | 0.46 |
| Habitual snoring n, (%) | 10 (7%) | 29 (18%) | 19 (20%) | 0.004 ¥,§ | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.93 |
| Witnessed apnea n, (%) | 10 (7%) | 31 (19%) | 24 (26%) | 0.0003¥,§ | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.74 |
| SA-SDQ | 19 (6) | 26 (7) | 29 (6) | <0.0001‡ | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.25 |
| High OSA risk£ n, (%) | 4 (3%) | 26 (16%) | 24 (26%) | <0.0001‡ | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.85 |
Values are means (standard deviations) or numbers (%).
Denotes overall P-values from general linear models. Significant group pairwise comparisons from the general linear analysis post-hoc contrasts are shown as:
all groups differ (p<0.0001 for each comparison),
SA vs. NC p<0.0001,
NSA vs. NC p<0.0001.
P-values adjusted for age, gender, obesity, race, hx/o smoking.
defined as SA-SDQ scores ≥36 for men and ≥32 for women.
Abbreviations: ESS=Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI=Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SA-SDQ=Sleep Apnea scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire.