Table 1. Whole tissues levels of DA and DA metabolites in normal rats after repeated intranasal administration of DNSP-11.

Individual analyte (DA, DOPAC and HVA) levels (ng/g - wet tissue weight) and DA turnover ratios of the whole (combined hemispheres) striatum and SN of normal rats treated with vehicle or DNSP-11 (100, 300, 1000 μg) in an equivalent volume of vehicle 5 days a week for 3 weeks. In normal rats, a stimulation of the DA system is evidenced by increased DA turnover in the striatum and SN for the 300 μg dosage (as well as an increase in DA turnover in the SN for the 1000 μg dosage).

Brain Region	Neurochemical Analyte	Intranasal Treatment				one-way ANOVA
		Vehicle (ng/g)	100 μg DNSP-11 (ng/g)	300 μg DNSP-11 (ng/g)	1000 μg DNSP-11 (ng/g)
Striatum	DA	12427 ± 564	9043 ± 1427	11923 ± 904	9910 ± 991	P=0.0527, F(3,23)=2.98
	DOPAC	1919 ± 133	1257 ± 174	2422 ± 259	1574 ± 186	P=0.0022, F(3,23)=6.63
	HVA	832 ± 85	570 ± 78	843 ± 63	658 ± 60	P=0.0555, F(3,23)=2.92
	(DOPAC+HVA)/DA	0.220 ± 0.009	0.216 ± 0.017	* 0.274 ± 0.013	0.227 ± 0.010	P=0.0124, F(3,23)=4.52
SN	DA	620 ± 83	481 ± 83	815 ± 83	416 ± 71	P=0.0186, F(3,23)=4.07
	DOPAC	151 ± 23	103 ± 20	* 269 ± 29	124 ± 27	P=0.0009, F(3,23)=7.74
	HVA	55 ± 6	37 ± 7	* 81 ± 7	51 ± 4	P=0.0012, F(3,23)=7.43
	(DOPAC+HVA)/DA	0.332 ± 0.011	0.289 ± 0.017	* 0.443 ± 0.036	* 0.436 ± 0.032	P=0.0002, F(3,23)=9.82

All data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test

^*p < 0.05. All data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 9 vehicle and n = 6 per DNSP-11 treated group.