Table 2.

Intrinsic antibiotic resistance of several widely used probiotic species.

Probiotic species	Antibiotic resistance	Reference
B. longum JDM301	Ciprofloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, streptomycin	Wei et al. (2012)
B. longum2	Kanamycin	Temmerman et al. (2003)
B. lactis2	Kanamycin	Temmerman et al. (2003)
L. rhamnosus1	Vancomycin, teicoplanin, bacitracin, aminoglycosides	Charteris et al. (1998), Danielsen and Wind (2003)
L. casei1
L. paracasei1
L. plantarum1
L. acidophilus1
L. reuteri2	Kanamycin, tetracycin, penicillin, vancomycin	Temmerman et al. (2003)
L. casei2	Kanamycin, vancomycin	Temmerman et al. (2003)
L. acidophilus2	Kanamycin	Temmerman et al. (2003)
E. faecalis1	Beta-lactams	Yamaguchi et al. (2013)
	Vancomycin	Werner et al. (2008)
B. adolescentis2	Kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid	Kheadr et al. (2004)
B. animalis2
B. longum2
B. bifidum2
P. pentosaceus	Vancomycin, teicoplanin	Biavasco et al. (1997)
P. acidilactici	Vancomycin	Temmerman et al. (2003)

¹Antibiotic resistance is indicated for more than 50% of isolates/strains used in the study, which were related to the species.

²Antibiotic resistance is indicated for 100% isolates/strains used in the study, which were related to the species.