Table 1.
Summary of the results (prevalence of drugs use in HIV population).
| Author | Country | Sample size | Participants'enrollment | Population | Patients under HAART (%) | Setting | Study type | Time reference of drug consumption | Prevalence of drug consumption (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allavena et al., 2014 | France | 1354 | 2012–2013 | HIV-positive individuals | NA | 1 HIV specialized centers | Cross-sectional | NA | Cannabis: 11.7 Cocaine: 1.7 |
| Daskalopoulou et al., 2014 | United Kingdom | 2248 | 2011–2012 | HIV-positive MSM | 85.0 | 8 HIV specialized centers from 17 countries | Cross-sectional | Previous 3 months | Nitrites: 27.1 Cannabis: 21.2 EEM: 20.5 Cocaine: 20.2 Ketamine: 12.5 MDMA: 11.5 GHB: 9.8 Mephedrone: 7.2 Amphetamine: 3.4 Other: 8 |
| Li and McDaid, 2014 | Scotland | 24 (HIV subgroup) | 2011 | MSM with UAI during the last 12 months | NA | 17 gay commercial venues | Cross-sectional | Previous 12 months | Nitrites: 58.3 Recreational drugs: 54.2 EEM: 50 |
| Jiménez et al., 2013 | Spain | 264 | 2011–2012 | HIV-positive MSM | 80.0 | 1 HIV specialized center | Prospective (data from baseline) | Regular use | Cocaine/Cristal methamphetamine/Alcohol: 39.4 |
| De Ryck et al., 2013 | Europe | 1118 | 2007 | HIV-positive men | 80.3 | 17 HIV specialized centers from 17 countries | Cross-sectional | Previous 6 months | EEM: 15.1 Ecstasy/GHB (Liquid ecstasy)/Poppers: 17.6 |
| Masiá et al., 2012 | Spain | 1019 | 2010–2011 | HIV-positive individuals | 65.4 | 13 HIV specialized centers | Cross-sectional (from a cohort study) | NA | Cocaine: 7 |
| Dirks et al., 2012 | Germany | 445 | 2009–2010 | HIV-positive MSM | NA | 2 HIV specialized centers | Cross-sectional | Previous 12 months | Nitrites: 26.4 Cannabis: 19.1 EEM: 11.4 Amphetamines: 7.9 Cocaine: 3.3 Tranquilizers and bezodiazepines: 3 GHB: 2.6 Hallucinogens: 1.8 Opiates: 1.1 (including both IV and non IV use) |
| Schmidt et al., 2011 | Germany | 101 | 2006–2008 | HIV-positive MSM | 77.2 | 1 University (referred from HIV specialized centers across Germany). | Case-control (controls had no history of HCV infection) | Frequently or always |
Cases (n = 34) Nasally-administered drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, ketamine): 82.4 Nitrites: 64.7 EEM: 44.1 Controls (n = 67) Nitrites: 53.7 Nasally-administered drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, ketamine): 52.2 EEM: 17.9 |
| Nicholas et al., 2007 | USA, Puerto Rico, Taiwan, Norway, Colombia | 445 | NA | HIV-positive individuals with peripheral neuropathy | 77.9 | Varied facilities* | Cross-sectional | NA | Cannabis: 11.9 Street drugs: 5.8 (no especificadas) |
| Peretti-Watel et al., 2006 | France | 2484 | 2003 | HIV-positive individuals under HAART | 100 | 102 HIV specialized centers | Cross-sectional | Previous 12 months | Cannabis: 26.8 Nitrites: 12.3 Ecstasy/Amphetamine/Cocaine: 5.7 |
| Faggian et al., 2005 | Italy | 134 | 1999–2004 | HIV-positive individuals using efavirenz | 100 | 1 HIV specialized center | Retrospective | Regular use (Weekly/Daily) | Cannabis: 16.4 Cocaine: 11.2 Ecstasy: 4.5 More than one substance: 7.5 |
| Carrieri et al., 2003 | France | 114 | 1995-2000 | IV drugs users with HIV | 61.4 | 1 HIV specialized center | Cohort (data from baseline) | Previous 6 months | Cocaine: 18.4 Psychotropic drugs: 56.1 |
| Pérez González et al., 1999 | Spain | 219 | 1992 | IV drugs users with HIV | NA | Emergency Department | Cross-sectional | Previous 30 days | Cocaine: 61 Cannabis: 53 |
ACRONYMS: EEM, erection enhancing medication; GHB, gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; IV, intravenous, NA, data non available or not clear; MSM, men who have sex with men; UAI, unprotected anal intercourse.
*
“varied facilities” were defined as “Community-based organizations, university-based AIDS clinics, private practices, public and for-profit hospitals, residential and day care facilities and home care services.”