Fig. 3.

mAβ levels in the brains are measured after intraperitoneal (IP) injections of racemic mixture of CA in C57BL/6 and CF-1 mice (wild-type mice). At varying doses and time-points, CA did not show acute effects on brain mAβ42, mAβ38, and total mAβ levels. CA was administered at 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg and the brains were harvest 30 min after the injections in C57BL/6 or CF-1 mice. In addition, this was performed in time-course manner at 30 mg/kg. The brains were harvested at different time points (30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h). The representative results of IP injections of GSM-1 and CA at 30 mg/kg at 1-h time point for mAβ42 (a), mAβ38 (b), and total Aβ (c) are demonstrated by mouse Aβ ELISAs. Solutol-based vehicle is utilized as a control and 6 mice were tested per group. (d) CA levels in the plasma in the wild type mice (n = 3-6) after IP injections at multiple doses are demonstrated. With the gradual increase in dosage (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg), the plasma CA levels have increased. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons. (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01)