Table 1.
Adverse maternal and pregnancy outcomes before and after treatment policy change
| Adverse outcomes | Women with history of malaria during pregnancy | Women without history of malaria during pregnancy | Relative risks (95% CI) | P value | Population attributable risks % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 2004–March 2006: before treatment policy change | |||||
| Maternal malaria: delivery, n/valid cases (%) | 142/246 (57.7) | 199/1,592 (12.5) | 4.6 (3.9–5.5) | <0.001 | 34.5 (29.3–39.8) |
| Primigravidae | 56/91 (61.5) | 70/490 (14.3) | 4.3 (3.3–5.6) | <0.001 | 30.5 (22.1–38.9) |
| Multigravidae | 86/155 (55.5) | 129/1,099 (11.7) | 4.7 (3.8–5.8) | <0.001 | 33.1 (26.8–39.3) |
| Maternal severe anaemia, n/valid cases (%) | 40/241 (16.6) | 152/1,588 (9.6) | 1.7 (1.3–2.4) | <0.001 | 8.8 (4.4–13.4) |
| Low birth weight, n/valid cases (%) | 50/244 (20) | 215/1,608 (13.4) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 0.003 | 6.6 (3.2–10.0) |
| Preterm delivery, n/valid cases (%) | 27/225 (12) | 110/1,503 (7.3) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 0.015 | 7.8 (2.7–12.9) |
| Perinatal deaths, n/valid cases (%) | 11/248 (4.4) | 41/1,619 (2.5) | 1.75 (0.9–3.2) | 0.1 | 9.1 (0.1–18) |
| Congenital malaria, n/valid cases (%) | 14/195 (7.1) | 14/706 (1.9) | 3.8 (1.8–8.2) | <0.001 | 25.7 (3.5–48) |
| April 2006–May 2010: After treatment policy change | |||||
| Maternal malaria: delivery, n/valid cases (%) | 201/770 (26.1) | 508/3,632 (13.9) | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | <0.001 | 13 (10.3–15.9) |
| Primigravidae | 81/265 (30.6) | 185/1,112 (16.6) | 1.8 (1.5–2.3) | <0.001 | 12.7 (7.9–17.5) |
| Multigravidae | 120/505 (23.8) | 324/2,515 (12.9) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | <0.001 | 12.8 (9.3–16.3) |
| Maternal severe anaemia, n/valid cases (%) | 70/738 (9.5) | 237/3,510 (6.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.01 | 6.6 (3.2–10.1) |
| Low birth weight, n/valid cases (%) | 123/764 (16.1) | 521/3,615 (14.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.23 | 2 (0.1–3.9) |
| Preterm delivery, n/valid cases (%) | 121/740 (16.4) | 462/3,472 (13.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.03 | 3.8 (1.8–5.8) |
| Perinatal deaths, n/valid cases (%) | 27/770 (3.5) | 165/3,632 (4.5) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.21 | n/a |
| Congenital malaria, n/valid cases (%) | 1/743 (0.1) | 6/3,543 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.1–6.6) | 0.21 | n/a |
Valid cases refer to presence of variables required for the analysis.