Table 2. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results of population structure.
Significant P-values are indicated in bold.
| Grouping | Source of variation | d.f. | Sum of squares | Variance components | Percentage of variation | Φ-Statistics | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potential refugia (PC: 1, 3–11; ES (SJ): 2, 14,15; ECS: 12–26; SCS:27–29) | Among groups | 3 | 27.1 | 0.04 | 1.61 | ΦCT = 0.016 | < 0.001 |
| Among populations within groups | 25 | 85.5 | 0.04 | 1.47 | ΦSC = 0.015 | < 0.001 | |
| Within populations | 573 | 1490.9 | 2.60 | 96.92 | ΦST = 0.031 | < 0.001 | |
| Changjiang River (CJN: 18–22; CJS: 23–24, 26–29) | Among groups | 1 | 20.5 | 0.14 | 5.14 | ΦCT = 0.051 | 0.003 |
| Among populations within groups | 9 | 28.0 | 0.03 | 1.02 | ΦSC = 0.011 | 0.040 | |
| Within populations | 244 | 608.0 | 2.49 | 93.84 | ΦST = 0.062 | < 0.001 | |
| Ocean currents (KSC: 1–17, 25; CCSC: 18–24, 26–29) | Among groups | 1 | 15.4 | 0.04 | 1.47 | ΦCT = 0.015 | 0.002 |
| Among populations within groups | 27 | 97.3 | 0.05 | 1.80 | ΦSC = 0.018 | < 0.001 | |
| Within populations | 573 | 1490.9 | 2.60 | 96.74 | ΦST = 0.033 | < 0.001 |
Potential refugia: PC, Pacific Ocean; ECS, East China Sea; SCS, South China Sea; ES, East Sea (SJ, Sea of Japan). Ocean currents: KSC, Kruoshio Current with the branch currents; CCSC, China Coastal Sea Current including China Coastal Current and Subei Coastal Current. Changjiang River: CJS, the South of Changjiang River; CJN, the North of Changjiang River.