Table 4. Longitudinal association between physical, social and religious activity participation and risk of depression at follow-up (n = 6,647).

Variable	Multiple logistic regression model		Multiple linear regression model
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value	β (SE)	p-value
Model 1 a
Physical activity participation b
Less than three times a week (ref)	ref.		ref.
Equal to or more than three times a week	0.81 (0.69–0.96)	0.014	-0.42 (0.12)	0.001
Social activity participation
Less than once a week (ref)	ref.		ref.
Equal to or more than once a week	0.87 (0.75–1.00)	0.047	-0.28 (0.11)	0.011
Religious activity participation
Less than once a week (ref)	ref.		ref.
Equal to or more than once a week	0.78 (0.67–0.90)	0.001	-0.34 (0.11)	0.003
Model 2 a
Group classification by activity participation
Group A (No frequent physical, social, and religious activity) (ref)	ref.		ref.
Group B (Only one type of activity frequently)	0.86 (0.75–0.98)	0.020	-0.41 (0.10)	<0.001
Group C (Two types or three types of activity frequently)	0.64 (0.52–0.79)	<0.001	-0.70 (0.15)	<0.001

^a Model 1: All covariates + three individual activities (physical, social and religious), Model 2: All covariates + group classification variables

^bAt least 30 minutes per session of physical activity.

SE: Standard error, SGDS-K: Korean version of 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale.